Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Quiz

Faculty Information

• Faculty of Dentistry, Althady University
• Oral Surgery Department
• Dr. Abdoalmonem algafary

Topics - Introduction

• Definition of oral and maxillofacial surgery
• Scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery depends on qualifications & capabilities of the person
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a branch of dentistry
• It involves diagnosis and treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects in the orofacial region

Topics - Principles of Oral Surgery - Art of Diagnosis

• History Taking
  • Obtaining general information
  • Chief complaints
  • Past and present medical history
  • Personal and family history
• Clinical Examination
  • Patient vital signs
  • Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
• Clinical Diagnostic Aids
  • Radiological examination (intraoral and extraoral radiographs)
• Diagnostic Investigation
  • Routine hematological investigations (Hb/CBC)
  • Coagulation tests (PT/INR)
  • Biopsy (punch, incisional, and excisional)

Topics - Infection Control

• Anesthesia in oral surgery
• Management of medically compromised patients in oral surgery
• Armamentarium (instruments) used in oral and maxillofacial surgery
• Minor oral surgical procedures
• Exodontia
• Suturing and suture material
• Drugs in dentistry

Topics - Preparing for Surgery

• Advanced preparation
  • Arrange patient records and radiographs
  • Obtain signed consent forms
  • Receive information from patient's physician
• Check laboratory cases
• Prepare and sterilize surgical setups
• Provide preoperative instructions and premedication
• Treatment room preparation
  • Place protective barriers
  • Keep surgical instruments in sterile wraps
  • Prepare appropriate pain control medications
  • Prepare postoperative instructions
• Patient preparation
  • Update medical history and laboratory reports
  • Verify premedication was taken
  • Place radiographs on view box
  • Take vital signs and determine a baseline
  • Seat and drape the patient
  • Position the chair

Topics - Patient Preparation - During Surgery

• Maintain the chain of asepsis
• Transfer and receive instruments
• Aspirate and retract as needed
• Maintain a clear operating field with light
• Monitor the patient's vital signs
• Steady the patient's head and mandible if necessary
• Observe the patient's condition and anticipate the surgeon's needs

Topics - Patient Preparation - After Surgery

• Stay with the patient
• Provide verbal and written postoperative instructions
• Schedule a postoperative visit
• Update the patient's treatment records
• Return the patient's records to the business assistant
• Breakdown and disinfect the treatment area

Topics - Postoperative Care

• Control of bleeding
  • Apply 2x2 gauze to control bleeding and encourage clot formation
  • Keep gauze in place for at least 30 minutes
  • Contact dental office if bleeding continues
  • Avoid disturbing clot with tongue or rinsing vigorously
• Control of swelling
  • Use ibuprofen before and after surgery
  • Apply cold pack (20 minutes on, 20 minutes off) during the first 24 hours
  • Apply external heat after the first 24 hours to increase circulation
  • Gently rinse oral cavity with warm saline solution after the first 24 hours

Topics - Indications for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

• Extraction of decayed teeth that cannot be restored
• Surgical removal of impacted teeth
• Extraction of nonvital teeth
• Preprosthetic surgery to smooth and contour the alveolar ridge
• Removal of teeth for orthodontic treatment
• Removal of root fragments

Topics - Management of Medically Compromised Patients in Oral Surgery

• ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification of physical status

  • ASA I: No systemic disease
  • ASA II: Mild systemic disease
  • ASA III: Moderate systemic disease
  • ASA IV: Severe systemic disease; risk of death
  • ASA E: Emergency operation needed

• Patients on oral anticoagulants

• Patients with prosthetic heart valve (antibiotic prophylaxis required)

• Patients with heart pacemakers

• Patients with hypertension

• Patients with diabetes mellitus (hypo/hyperglycemia)

• Patients with hyperthyroidism

• Pregnancy and lactation (FDA category)

Topics - Art of Diagnosis (Continued)

• Management of medically compromised patients in oral surgery (various conditions)

Topics - Local Anesthesia Course

• Applied anatomy of oral & maxillofacial region (Trigeminal nerve)
• Neurophysiology (electrical & chemical changes during action potential in nerve fibers)
• Pain & pain pathways from oral & maxillofacial region
• Armamentarium
• Pharmacology of local anesthesia
• Pharmacology of vasoconstrictors
• Indications & contraindications of local anesthesia & vasoconstrictors
• Techniques of local anesthesia (maxillary & mandibular)
• Local complications of local anesthesia
• Systemic complications of local anesthesia

Topics - Minor Oral Surgical Procedures

• Exodontia
• Complicated exodontia
• Types of flaps
• Use of elevators

Topics - Management of Impacted Teeth

• Surgical management
• Conservative management

Topics - Management of Cystic Lesions

• Enucleation
• Marsupialization
• Marsupialization & enucleation
• Enucleation and curettage

Topics - Maxillary Sinus Lesions (Anatomy)

Topics - TMJ Disorders

• Various types and images

Topics - Maxillofacial Infections

• Images of various conditions

Topics - Maxillofacial Trauma

• Images of various conditions

Topics - Preprosthetic Surgery

• Images of procedures

Topics - Maxillofacial Oncology

• Images of conditions
• Diagnostic imaging

Topics - Orofacial Pain

• Diagrams/images showing pain zones

Topic - Orthognathic Surgery

• Diagram of the bone structures involved in surgery

Topics - Orofacial Clefts

• Images of conditions

Topics - Salivary Glands Disorders

• Sjogren's syndrome
• Parotid gland
• Sublingual gland
• Submandibular gland

Topics - Dental Implantology

• Diagrams of treatments

Assessment

• Quiz
• Clinical requirements
• Course work activity
• Practical / clinical exams
• Final written exam
• Final oral exam

Conclusion

• Patient medical background must be obtained
• Surgeon needs knowledge of patient's medications
• Written consent from specialist, before procedure
• Adequate preoperative investigations are needed
• Patient must be explained risks & benefits of the procedure
• Functional life support in the dental office is needed

Topics - Oral Surgery Instruments

• Various instruments used in oral surgery
• Functions of each instrument
• Includes diagrams and images showing different tools

Topics - Suturing

• Needle holder
• Suture tools