Floor of the Mouth and palate hard

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the sublingual papillae in the floor of the mouth?

To protect the underlying tissues during tongue movement

To drain saliva from the submandibular glands

To facilitate the opening of the Rivinus ducts (correct)

To anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Which condition is characterized by limited movement of the tongue due to a short frenulum?

Ankylosis

Glossitis

Ankyloglossia (correct)

Stomatitis

Where are the mandibular tori typically located?

On the buccal mucosa near the molars

Along the midline of the tongue's ventral surface

Above the mylohyoid line in the premolar region (correct)

On the anterior portion of the hard palate

Which of the following structures does NOT drain into Wharton's duct?

Minor salivary glands of the floor of the mouth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the ventral surface of the tongue?

Non-keratinized epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is found near the base of the tongue and affects tongue mobility?

Lingual frenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hard palate?

Aids in feeding and speech (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is the hard palate composed of?

Ortho keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

The hard palate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What could be a natural abnormality related to the lingual frenum?

Presence of multiple frenums (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a change in appearance due to piercings in the floor of the mouth (FOM)?

Self-inflicted changes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of salivary stones?

Obstruction of salivary flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

How should the clinical appearance of the hard palate be assessed?

By visual inspection in a mirror (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinction exists between the hard and soft palate?

The soft palate is posterior to the hard palate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the hard palate is characterized by bony overgrowth?

Palatal Torus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that may lead to visible changes in the hard palate?

Size of the palatine rugae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a cleft palate on the hard palate's functions?

Altered communication (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a white appearance on the anterior part of the hard palate and may be caused by smoking?

Smokers Keratosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What appliance is mentioned that could assist with cleft palate treatment?

Palate obturator (D) Signup and view all the answers

What notable characteristic might be observed in the hard palate due to the effects of smoking?

Altered color and dryness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What describes the appearance of the hard palate?

Pink and smooth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the firmer feeling in the medial portion of the hard palate?

Attachment to bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about the lateral portion of the hard palate?

It provides a more cushioned feeling. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the posterior border of the hard palate characterized?

Concave where it meets soft palate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is absent in the hard palate?

Submucosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the high vaulted palate generally located?

Between the upper central incisors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is primarily present in the lamina propria of the hard palate?

Dense connective tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the shape of the hard palate?

It can have a high dome shape. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is located posteriorly to the hard palate?

Soft palate (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what location does the incisive foramen emerge in relation to the hard palate?

Just behind the upper central incisors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Floor of the Mouth (FOM)

Lingual Frenum is a fold of tissue found in the midline near the base of the tongue’s inferior surface.
- Ankyloglossia (tongue-tied) is a condition where the frenulum is too short and limits tongue movement.
Sublingual Papillae are centrally positioned protrusions at the base of the tongue
- The Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Ducts open here.
- The openings of the Rivinus Ducts are found on the sublingual folds.
Mandibular Tori are bony swellings found sublingually to the premolar region, usually above the mylohyoid line.
- They are often bilateral and visible on radiographs.
Ventral Surface of the Tongue
- Is covered in a thin, non-keratinized epithelium.
- Has an irregular fringe fold of mucous membrane lateral to the lingual frenum.
Changes of the FOM:
- Can include salivary stones, piercings, and natural abnormalities like the presence of two lingual frenums.

The Palate

Hard Palate:
- Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
- Composed of the palatine processes of the maxillae (anterior) and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones (posterior).
- Function: aids in feeding and speech.
Clinical Appearance of the Hard Palate:
- Ortho-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Pink in appearance.
- Immobile.
- More cushioned feeling laterally.
- Firmer feeling medially.

Histology of the Hard Palate

Lacks submucosa.
Lamina Propria: directly attached to bone in the midline.
- Anterior: contains adipose tissue & minor salivary glands.
- Posterior: contains submucosa.
- Lateral: more cushioned

Features of the Hard Palate

Posterior border is concave where it meets the soft palate.
High vaulted palate:
- The degree of vaulting can vary between individuals.

Structures of the Hard Palate

Incisive Papilla:
- A dome-shaped structure located just behind the upper central incisors.
- Covers the openings of the nasopalatine nerves which emerge through the incisive foramen.
Palatine Rugae:
- Irregular ridges of tissue that radiate transversally from the incisive papilla and the anterior part of the raphe.
Median Palatine Raphe:
- This is the midline of the hard palate, where the palatine bones fuse.
Palatal Torus:
- A bony overgrowth on the palate or floor of the mouth.
- Can occur on the mandibular torus.

Changes of the Hard Palate

Changes in Appearance
- Color
- Texture
- Impact on function
Examples of changes:
- Cleft Palate
  - Develops during foetal development.
  - Impact on speech, eating, drinking, and nasal barrier for treatment delivery.
- Smoker's Keratosis
  - White patches occur on the anterior 2/5 of the hard palate.
  - Lack of moisture causes a dry appearance.
Self-inflicted changes:
- Piercings
Natural Abnormalities:
- Double uvula

Nerve Innervation and Blood Supply of the Palate

Nerve Innervation:
- Supplied by branches of the maxillary nerve (a branch of the trigeminal nerve V).
- Hard Palate:
  - Innervated by the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves.
- Soft Palate:
  - Innervated by the lesser palatine nerve.
Blood Supply:
- Hard Palate:
  - Supplied by the greater palatine artery.
- Soft Palate:
  - Supplied by the lesser palatine arteries.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the floor of the mouth and its anatomical features. This quiz covers essential structures such as the lingual frenum, sublingual papillae, and conditions like ankyloglossia. Explore the changes and abnormalities that can occur in this region.