Optics Quiz: Refractive Index and Lenses

The apparent shift in an object's position when viewed through a medium with a different refractive index.

A measure of how much a light ray bends when it passes from one medium to another.

The angle at which light strikes a surface.

The angle at which light is reflected or refracted away from a surface.

The phenomenon where light is completely reflected back into a denser medium when it strikes the boundary with a less dense medium at an angle greater than the critical angle.

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.

A lens shaped like two identical convex lenses placed closely together.

The distance between the object and the lens.

The distance between the lens and the image formed after refraction.

The ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object at the eye when viewed directly.

The ability of a magnifying glass to make objects appear larger.

The minimum distance at which a normal eye can see objects clearly.

The distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece in a compound microscope.

A type of telescope that uses two mirrors to focus light, producing images at infinity.

The deflection of light when it strikes a mirror and changes direction.

The displacement of a reflected spot of light on a screen caused by the rotation of a mirror.

The phenomenon where light bends as it passes from one medium to another.

The maximum possible focal length of a convex lens needed to form an image of an object on the opposite wall of a room is calculated by considering the maximum magnification possible for the lens. In this case, the maximum magnification is achieved when the object is placed at the focal point.

The focal length of a convex lens can be determined by measuring the distance between two locations of the lens where it forms a sharp image on a screen for a fixed object distance.

The effective focal length of a combination of two lenses is the focal length of a single lens that would produce the same image as the two-lens combination. The effective focal length can be calculated using a formula that takes into account the focal lengths of the individual lenses and the distance between them. The answer does not depend on which side of the combination a beam of parallel light is incident.

Magnification produced by a lens system is the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object. The magnification can be calculated using the lens formula and can be positive or negative depending on the image inversion.

The maximum magnification possible for a magnifying glass occurs when the image is formed at the near point of the eye (the closest distance that the eye can focus). In this case, the object is located at the focal length of the lens.

The magnifying power of a lens is a measure of how much larger an object appears when viewed through the lens. It is equal to the ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object at the eye when viewed without the lens.

The formula that describes the relationship between the object distance (u), the image distance (v), and the focal length (f) of a thin lens.

The point where parallel rays of light converge after passing through a convex lens, or the point from which parallel rays of light appear to diverge after passing through a concave lens.

A method to graphically determine the position and size of an image formed by a lens by tracing the paths of two specific rays.

The point at the center of a lens where the lens is thickest and light travels straight through.

The distance from the optical center of a lens to the focal point. A converging lens (convex) has a positive focal length, and a diverging lens (concave) has a negative focal length.

A lens has two focal points, one on each side. If the lens is converging, these points are real. If the lens is diverging, these points are virtual.

A formula used to calculate the focal length of a lens. It relates the focal length, refractive indices of the lens and surrounding medium, and radii of curvature.

The point where the image of an object placed at infinity is formed. It is located at a distance equal to the focal length of the lens.

A mathematical equation that describes the relationship between object and image distance, refractive index of the medium, and radius of curvature for a curved spherical surface.

The point where a ray of light strikes a surface. In the context of refraction at a spherical surface, this is the point where the ray intersects the curved surface.

A spherical surface is used to refract light, where an object's image is formed due to the bending of light rays passing through different media.

The formula relating the object distance (u), image distance (v), the refractive indices of the media ($n_1$ and $n_2$), and the radius of curvature (R) of the spherical surface.

Position of the image formed by a spherical surface is calculated using the refraction formula, considering the object distance, refractive indices of the media, and the radius of curvature of the spherical surface.

In optical fibers, total internal reflection is used to transmit light efficiently. When the light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, it gets completely reflected back inside the denser medium.

Quartz is used in optical fibers because it absorbs very little light, allowing for long-distance transmission without significant loss of signal.

A telescope is an instrument that uses lenses to magnify distant objects.

The objective lens gathers light and forms a real image inside the telescope tube.

The eyepiece magnifies the image formed by the objective lens.

The magnification of a telescope is determined by the ratio of the focal lengths of the eyepiece and objective lens.

A larger aperture (diameter) of the objective lens means more light is gathered, resulting in brighter and clearer images.

The ability to distinguish two objects that are close together. It depends on the objective lens's diameter, with larger diameters allowing finer detail and differentiating between closely spaced objects.

Determined by the area of the objective lens. Larger diameters allow for observing fainter objects, as they gather more light.

The ability of a telescope to make objects appear larger. It is calculated by dividing the objective lens's focal length by the eyepiece's focal length.

A type of telescope that uses a concave mirror for the objective lens. It eliminates chromatic aberration and is easier to support than a large lens.

The distortion of light as it passes through a lens, causing different colors of light to be focused at different points. It affects image quality.

The distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece in a refracting telescope.

The largest lens objective used in a refracting telescope, with a diameter of 1.02 meters. It is located at the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin, USA.

The combination of two lenses used in terrestrial telescopes to produce an erect image.