Podcast
Questions and Answers
What occurs when the speed of light changes in different mediums?
What occurs when the speed of light changes in different mediums?
What is responsible for slowing down the passage of light waves?
What is responsible for slowing down the passage of light waves?
When does light refract?
When does light refract?
What is the angle of refraction measured relative to?
What is the angle of refraction measured relative to?
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What happens when light travels from a low to high refractive index?
What happens when light travels from a low to high refractive index?
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What is dispersion?
What is dispersion?
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What is the index of refraction?
What is the index of refraction?
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What appears to happen to the image of the chest when viewed in water?
What appears to happen to the image of the chest when viewed in water?
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What is the point at which the principal axis cuts the center of the mirror?
What is the point at which the principal axis cuts the center of the mirror?
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What is the distance from the center of curvature to the mirror at the vertex?
What is the distance from the center of curvature to the mirror at the vertex?
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What type of image is always formed by a convex mirror?
What type of image is always formed by a convex mirror?
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What is the point on the principal axis through which reflected rays pass when the incident rays are parallel to and near the principal axis?
What is the point on the principal axis through which reflected rays pass when the incident rays are parallel to and near the principal axis?
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What is the purpose of the principal axis?
What is the purpose of the principal axis?
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What is the characteristic of the image formed by a convex mirror?
What is the characteristic of the image formed by a convex mirror?
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What happens to light when it passes from one medium to another?
What happens to light when it passes from one medium to another?
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How many light rays from the tip of an object are needed to locate its image on a concave mirror?
How many light rays from the tip of an object are needed to locate its image on a concave mirror?
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Study Notes
LOST (Location, Orientation, Size, Type)
- Location: closer than, farther than, or the same distance as the object to the mirror
- Orientation: upright (facing same up-down direction as object), or inverted (opposite)
- Size: same size, larger than, or smaller than object
- Type: real (“in front” of mirror), or virtual image (“behind” mirror)
Concave Mirrors
- A mirror whose reflecting surface curves inward
- Centre of curvature (C): all normals (90°) meet at this point (center of the circle, radius)
- Principal axis: the line that passes through the center of curvature (C) and is normal to the center of the mirror
- Vertex (V): the point at which the principal axis cuts the center of the mirror
- Focal point (F): the point on the principal axis through which reflected rays pass when the incident rays are parallel to and near the principal axis
- Radius of curvature: the distance from C (center) to the mirror at V (vertex)
- Focal Length: the distance between V (vertex) and F (focal point)
Concave Mirror Rules
- Two light rays from the tip of an object are needed to locate its image
- The point where the two reflected rays intersect will be the location of the image
- The base of the object will always be on the principal axis
Convex Mirrors
- A mirror that is curved outward
- Image appears where the extended reflected rays intersect behind the mirror
- Image for a convex mirror is always: closer, upright, smaller, and virtual
Refraction
- Light travels in straight lines, but bends when it passes from one medium to another
- Refraction occurs when the speed of light changes in different mediums
- Particles in a medium slow down the passage of light waves
- The more that light slows down, the more the light is refracted
- Refraction only occurs when light is entering or leaving a medium
Refraction Rules
- The part of the light beam that hits the medium first will slow down first
- Angle of refraction: the angle between the refracted ray and the normal
- When moving from low to high refractive index, light bends towards the normal
- When moving from high to low refractive index, light bends away from the normal
Dispersion
- Different amounts of refraction for each color
- A single beam of white light can be split into a rainbow of colors
- Dispersion: the refraction of white light into separate wavelengths (colors)
Index of Refraction
- The amount by which a transparent medium decreases the speed of light
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Description
Test your knowledge of mirrors, including types of images, concave mirrors, and their properties. Learn about the centre of curvature, principal axis, and more.
