Physics Chapter: Mirrors and Reflection

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Questions and Answers

What type of mirror is used to focus light to a single point?

  • Diverging mirror
  • Aspheric mirror
  • Plane mirror
  • Converging mirror (correct)

Which of the following best describes the image formed by a diverging mirror?

  • Always magnified and inverted
  • Always real and inverted
  • Always virtual and upright (correct)
  • Always reduced and real

In the mirror formula, $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$, what does 'v' represent?

  • Object height
  • Object distance
  • Image distance (correct)
  • Focal length

A shaving mirror produces a magnified, upright image. Which type of mirror is most likely being used?

<p>Concave mirror with object inside the focal point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the magnification $M$ is -2, what does this indicate about the image?

<p>The image is real and twice the size of the object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the relationship between the angle of incidence ($θ_i$) and the angle of reflection ($θ_r$) when light reflects off a plane surface?

<p>$θ_i$ = $θ_r$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plane mirror is rotated by an angle of $20°$, what is the change in the angle of the reflected ray?

<p>$40°$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the image formed by a plane mirror?

<p>Virtual, upright, and the same size as the object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A light ray strikes a mirror with a glancing angle of $30°$. What is the angle of deviation of the reflected ray?

<p>$60°$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curved mirror is designed to spread out incoming parallel light rays?

<p>Diverging Mirror (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the refractive index of a material is $n = 1.5$ and the speed of light in a vacuum is $c = 3 \times 10^8$ m/s, what is the speed of light ($v$) in that material?

<p>$2.0 \times 10^8$ m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phenomena is NOT a direct application of total internal reflection?

<p>Refraction through a glass block (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of refraction through a triangular prism, what does the symbol 'A' represent?

<p>Angle of Prism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the minimum deviation angle ($D_m$) in the context of prism refraction?

<p>It is the smallest angle of deviation for a specific wavelength of light passing through the prism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a triangular prism with an angle (A) of 60 degrees and a minimum deviation angle ($D_m$) of 30 degrees, what is the refractive index ($n$) of the prism material? (Use the formula $n = \frac{sin(\frac{A+D_{m}}{2})}{sin(\frac{A}{2})}$)

<p>Approximately 1.414 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the bending of light as it transitions between two mediums with different refractive indices?

<p>Refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents Snell's Law, relating the angle of incidence ($i$) and angle of refraction ($r$)?

<p>$n = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the refractive index of a medium is $n$, and the speed of light in a vacuum is $c$, what is the speed of light ($v$) in that medium?

<p>$v = \frac{c}{n}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is most responsible for the shimmering effect observed in mirages?

<p>Total Internal Reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between real depth, apparent depth, and refractive index ($n$) when viewing an object submerged in a medium?

<p>$n = \frac{\text{Real Depth}}{\text{Apparent Depth}}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental property explains why light can create shadows?

<p>Light's rectilinear propagation, meaning it travels in a straight line. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which celestial alignment is required for a solar eclipse to occur?

<p>The Moon positioned between the Earth and the Sun. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a pinhole camera, what is the orientation of the image formed on the screen compared to the object?

<p>Inverted and real. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'penumbra' within a shadow?

<p>The lighter area around the umbra, where light is partially blocked. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes light's behavior according to the wave-particle duality principle?

<p>Light can behave as both a wave and a particle, depending on the experiment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Converging Mirror

A concave mirror that focuses light to a point.

Diverging Mirror

A convex mirror that spreads out light rays.

Focal Length Formula

$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$ describes mirror physics.

Magnification Formula

$M = -\frac{v}{u}$ calculates image size compared to the object.

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Uses of Mirrors

Applications include headlights, solar concentrators, and shaving mirrors.

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Laws of Reflection

  1. Incidence angle equals reflection angle. 2. Rays and normal in the same plane.
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Images in a Plane Mirror

Images are virtual, upright, laterally inverted, and same size as the object.

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Rotation of Reflected Rays

When a mirror rotates by angle θ, reflected ray rotates by 2θ.

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Glancing Angle

The angle between the incident ray and the normal. Deviation angle D = 2 × glancing angle.

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Types of Curved Mirrors

Concave mirrors converge light, while convex mirrors diverge light.

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Speed of Light

The speed of light in a medium is given by v = c/n.

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Critical Angle

The angle of incidence for which total internal reflection occurs.

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Refractive Index

A measure of how much light slows down in a medium; calculated using angles.

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Angle of Deviation

The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray after refraction.

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Total Internal Reflection

Phenomenon where light is completely reflected at the boundary of two media.

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Refraction

Bending of light when it passes between different mediums.

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Snell's Law Formula

Mathematical relation n = sin(i) / sin(r) describes the bending of light.

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Light

A form of energy that enables vision, traveling as electromagnetic waves.

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Wave-Particle Duality

Light exhibits properties of both particles (photons) and waves.

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Shadow

An area formed when an opaque object blocks light; contains umbra and penumbra.

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Eclipse

A celestial event where one object moves into the shadow of another.

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Pin-Hole Camera

A simple device that uses a small hole to create an inverted image on a surface.

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Study Notes

Curved Mirrors

  • Types:

    • Converging Mirror (Concave): Focuses light to a point.
    • Diverging Mirror (Convex): Spreads out light rays.
  • Images in Spherical Mirrors: Real/inverted or virtual/upright depending on the object position relative to the focal point.

  • Focal Length Determination: Using the distance between the mirror, focus, and object.

  • Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v, where f is the focal length, u is object distance, and v is image distance.

  • Magnification: M = -v/u

  • Uses: Headlights, solar concentrators, shaving mirrors.

Refraction of Light

  • Refraction: Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

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