Optics and Vision Science Quiz

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What is colour blindness and how does it affect the perception of red and green hues?

Colour blindness is a condition where one or more colour cone cells are not functioning properly, making red and green appear similar.

Explain the process of accommodation in the eye and its importance for focusing images on the retina.

Accommodation is the adjustment of the lens shape by ciliary muscles to focus on objects at varying distances, ensuring the image is clearly projected onto the retina.

Describe hyperopia and the type of lens used to correct it.

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is when nearby objects appear blurry because light focuses behind the retina; it is corrected using a converging lens.

What is presbyopia and how does it relate to age?

Presbyopia is the condition where the eye's lens becomes less elastic with age, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects. Signup and view all the answers

Explain myopia and the corrective measures typically employed.

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is when distant objects are blurry as light focuses in front of the retina; it is corrected with a diverging lens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the index of refraction and what do its variables represent?

The formula is n = c/v, where n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in vacuum (3.00 x 10^8 m/s), and v is the speed of light in the medium. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how triboluminescence differs from bioluminescence.

Triboluminescence is light produced by friction or crushing, while bioluminescence is light generated by living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of specular reflection and how does it differ from diffuse reflection?

Specular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces where light reflects at equal angles, while diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces, scattering light in multiple directions. Signup and view all the answers

List the sources of light that utilize chemical processes and give one example for each.

The two sources are chemiluminescence (e.g., glow sticks) and bioluminescence (e.g., fireflies). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two Laws of Reflection and why are they significant?

The laws state that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence, and that the incident, reflected ray, and normal lie on the same plane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pupil in the eye?

The pupil is the opening that allows light to enter the eyeball. Signup and view all the answers

How do ciliary muscles contribute to vision?

Ciliary muscles adjust the shape of the lens to help focus light. Signup and view all the answers

What are rods primarily responsible for in the human eye?

Rods are responsible for detecting low levels of light and are used for night vision. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the retina in vision.

The retina converts light signals into electrical impulses for the brain to interpret. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vitreous humor?

The vitreous humor maintains the shape of the eyeball and transmits light to the retina. Signup and view all the answers

How do cones differ from rods in their function?

Cones are responsible for color vision and function better in bright light. Signup and view all the answers

What is the optic nerve's function within the eye?

The optic nerve transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What protective role does the cornea play in the eye?

The cornea is a clear protective layer that refracts light to the pupil. Signup and view all the answers

Would you expect light passing through glass to travel faster or slower than through ethyl alcohol?

Light would travel slower through glass than through ethyl alcohol. Signup and view all the answers

When light travels from water to glass, does it bend towards the normal or away from the normal?

The light bends towards the normal when traveling from water to glass. Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the index of refraction for a substance where the speed of light is $2.04 \times 10^8$ m/s. What is the substance's likely identification?

The index of refraction is 1.47, suggesting the substance is likely acrylic. Signup and view all the answers

For a material with an index of refraction of 0.90, what is the speed of light in this material, and why would it be special?

The speed of light in this material is $3.33 \times 10^8$ m/s, making it special because it exceeds the speed of light in vacuum. Signup and view all the answers

Is the second medium more or less optically dense than glass if an angle of incidence of 20.0° results in an angle of refraction of 25.0°? Will light travel faster or slower in the second medium?

The second medium is less optically dense than glass, and light will travel faster in this medium. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components that need to be labeled on concave and convex mirror diagrams?

Principal axis, focus, center of curvature, and vertex. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the image characteristics for a concave mirror when the object is located between the center of curvature and the focus.

The image is bigger, inverted, located between the center of curvature and the focus, and is real. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the SALT method represent, and how does it differ between concave and convex mirrors?

'A' in SALT stands for altitude, which can be inverted for concave mirrors and upright for convex mirrors. Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of a virtual image formed by a convex mirror compare to a real image in a concave mirror?

A virtual image in a convex mirror is located behind the mirror, whereas a real image in a concave mirror is formed in front of it. Signup and view all the answers

In the SALT method, what does the 'S' refer to, and how might it differ for a real image versus a virtual image?

'S' refers to size, where a real image can be larger or smaller compared to the object, while a virtual image is typically smaller. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the focus point (F) for concave mirrors in image formation.

The focus point (F) is where parallel light rays converge, influencing the characteristics of the resulting image. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the principal axis in the context of mirror diagrams?

The principal axis serves as a reference line to measure angles and locate key points such as focus and center of curvature. Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed by both concave and convex mirrors when the object is placed far away?

Concave mirrors form a smaller, real image, while convex mirrors form a smaller, virtual image. Signup and view all the answers

Refraction

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

Index of Refraction

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.