Optical Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about carbohydrates?

  • Carbohydrates are derived from animal sources
  • Carbohydrates are primarily found in wood
  • Carbohydrates are a class of organic compounds (correct)
  • Carbohydrates are found only in plants

    • What is the purpose of starch in grains?

  • Simple sugar production
  • Energy storage (correct)
  • Photosynthesis
  • Structural material

    • Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

  • Maltose
  • Lactose
  • Fructose (correct)
  • Sucrose

    • What is the process of converting monosaccharides to alditols called?

    <p>Reduction to alditols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of disaccharides?

    <p>Optical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is a major component of wood?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of sucrose?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of compounds in carbohydrates is characterized by their sweetness?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is not sweet but is a condensation product of monosaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is characterized by having a chemical formula of (CH2O)n?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of compounds in carbohydrates contains an aldehyde or a ketone functional group?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for carbon atoms in carbohydrates with four different substituents attached to them?

    <p>Chiral centres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stereoisomers are possible for a carbohydrate with n asymmetric carbons?

    <p>2(n-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for molecules with a single chiral centre that are chiral?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the Fischer projection of glyceraldehyde?

    <p>The asymmetric carbon is placed behind the projection plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the D-L classification of monosaccharides?

    <p>It is based on the configuration of the furthest hydroxyl group from the aldehyde or ketone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the enantiomers of erythrose and threose?

    <p>They differ by the configuration around one carbon only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stereoisomers are possible for aldopentose?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glucose and mannose?

    <p>They are epimers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glucose and galactose?

    <p>They are diastereoisomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about mannose and galactose?

    <p>They are diastereoisomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the D-L classification of ketoses?

    <p>It is determined by the position of the hydroxyl group on the carbon chain furthest away from the ketone function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?

    <p>A hemiacetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cyclic structure formed by the reaction between the aldehyde on carbon 1 and the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 in glucose?

    <p>C1-C5 pyranose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the two anomers formed by the cyclic hemiacetal formation in glucose?

    <p>α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of glucose in a neutral aqueous solution?

    <p>The linear form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to represent the cyclic structure of a monosaccharide?

    <p>Haworth projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conformation determines the D-L series of a sugar in the Haworth projection?

    <p>The conformation on carbon C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cyclic sugars formed by the C1-C5 hemiacetal called?

    <p>Pyranoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of D-fructose, what is the result of the reaction between the C5 hydroxyl group and the ketone carbonyl in position C2?

    <p>A furanose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrate Overview

    • Carbohydrates are characterized by their sweetness and contain an aldehyde or a ketone functional group.

    Monosaccharides

    • Monosaccharides are simple sugars and are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    • Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
    • The process of converting monosaccharides to alditols is called reduction.

    Disaccharides

    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
    • A property of disaccharides is that they are sweet.

    Polysaccharides

    • Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of multiple monosaccharides.
    • An example of a polysaccharide is cellulose, which is a major component of wood.
    • The chemical formula of polysaccharides is (CH2O)n.

    Starch

    • Starch is a polysaccharide found in grains and serves as a storage form of energy.

    Sucrose

    • Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
    • The main source of sucrose is sugarcane or sugar beets.

    Stereochemistry

    • Carbon atoms with four different substituents attached to them are called asymmetric carbons.
    • Molecules with a single chiral center that are chiral are called optically active.
    • The number of stereoisomers possible for a carbohydrate with n asymmetric carbons is 2^n.
    • The Fischer projection is a method of representing the stereochemistry of a molecule.
    • The D-L classification of monosaccharides is based on the stereochemistry of the molecule.
    • Glucose, mannose, and galactose are all aldohexoses.
    • Glucose and mannose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
    • Glucose and galactose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
    • Mannose and galactose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.

    Cyclic Structures

    • The reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol forms a hemiacetal.
    • The cyclic structure formed by the reaction between the aldehyde on carbon 1 and the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 in glucose is called a pyranose.
    • The two anomers formed by the cyclic hemiacetal formation in glucose are called α-glucose and β-glucose.
    • The predominant form of glucose in a neutral aqueous solution is the β-anomer.
    • The Haworth projection is a method of representing the cyclic structure of a monosaccharide.
    • Cyclic sugars formed by the C1-C5 hemiacetal are called pyranoses.
    • In the case of D-fructose, the reaction between the C5 hydroxyl group and the ketone carbonyl in position C2 forms a furanose.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of optical properties with this quiz! Learn about specific rotation, observed rotation, temperature, wavelength, and more. Challenge yourself with questions about glyceraldehyde and its ability to rotate light to the right.

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