Optical Properties Quiz
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Optical Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about carbohydrates?

  • Carbohydrates are derived from animal sources
  • Carbohydrates are primarily found in wood
  • Carbohydrates are a class of organic compounds (correct)
  • Carbohydrates are found only in plants
  • What is the purpose of starch in grains?

  • Simple sugar production
  • Energy storage (correct)
  • Photosynthesis
  • Structural material
  • Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

  • Maltose
  • Lactose
  • Fructose (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • What is the process of converting monosaccharides to alditols called?

    <p>Reduction to alditols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of disaccharides?

    <p>Optical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is a major component of wood?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of sucrose?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of compounds in carbohydrates is characterized by their sweetness?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is not sweet but is a condensation product of monosaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is characterized by having a chemical formula of (CH2O)n?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of compounds in carbohydrates contains an aldehyde or a ketone functional group?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for carbon atoms in carbohydrates with four different substituents attached to them?

    <p>Chiral centres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stereoisomers are possible for a carbohydrate with n asymmetric carbons?

    <p>2(n-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for molecules with a single chiral centre that are chiral?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the Fischer projection of glyceraldehyde?

    <p>The asymmetric carbon is placed behind the projection plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the D-L classification of monosaccharides?

    <p>It is based on the configuration of the furthest hydroxyl group from the aldehyde or ketone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the enantiomers of erythrose and threose?

    <p>They differ by the configuration around one carbon only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stereoisomers are possible for aldopentose?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glucose and mannose?

    <p>They are epimers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glucose and galactose?

    <p>They are diastereoisomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about mannose and galactose?

    <p>They are diastereoisomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the D-L classification of ketoses?

    <p>It is determined by the position of the hydroxyl group on the carbon chain furthest away from the ketone function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?

    <p>A hemiacetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cyclic structure formed by the reaction between the aldehyde on carbon 1 and the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 in glucose?

    <p>C1-C5 pyranose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the two anomers formed by the cyclic hemiacetal formation in glucose?

    <p>α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of glucose in a neutral aqueous solution?

    <p>The linear form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to represent the cyclic structure of a monosaccharide?

    <p>Haworth projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conformation determines the D-L series of a sugar in the Haworth projection?

    <p>The conformation on carbon C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cyclic sugars formed by the C1-C5 hemiacetal called?

    <p>Pyranoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of D-fructose, what is the result of the reaction between the C5 hydroxyl group and the ketone carbonyl in position C2?

    <p>A furanose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrate Overview

    • Carbohydrates are characterized by their sweetness and contain an aldehyde or a ketone functional group.

    Monosaccharides

    • Monosaccharides are simple sugars and are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    • Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
    • The process of converting monosaccharides to alditols is called reduction.

    Disaccharides

    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
    • A property of disaccharides is that they are sweet.

    Polysaccharides

    • Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of multiple monosaccharides.
    • An example of a polysaccharide is cellulose, which is a major component of wood.
    • The chemical formula of polysaccharides is (CH2O)n.

    Starch

    • Starch is a polysaccharide found in grains and serves as a storage form of energy.

    Sucrose

    • Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
    • The main source of sucrose is sugarcane or sugar beets.

    Stereochemistry

    • Carbon atoms with four different substituents attached to them are called asymmetric carbons.
    • Molecules with a single chiral center that are chiral are called optically active.
    • The number of stereoisomers possible for a carbohydrate with n asymmetric carbons is 2^n.
    • The Fischer projection is a method of representing the stereochemistry of a molecule.
    • The D-L classification of monosaccharides is based on the stereochemistry of the molecule.
    • Glucose, mannose, and galactose are all aldohexoses.
    • Glucose and mannose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
    • Glucose and galactose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.
    • Mannose and galactose are epimers, meaning they differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon.

    Cyclic Structures

    • The reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol forms a hemiacetal.
    • The cyclic structure formed by the reaction between the aldehyde on carbon 1 and the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 in glucose is called a pyranose.
    • The two anomers formed by the cyclic hemiacetal formation in glucose are called α-glucose and β-glucose.
    • The predominant form of glucose in a neutral aqueous solution is the β-anomer.
    • The Haworth projection is a method of representing the cyclic structure of a monosaccharide.
    • Cyclic sugars formed by the C1-C5 hemiacetal are called pyranoses.
    • In the case of D-fructose, the reaction between the C5 hydroxyl group and the ketone carbonyl in position C2 forms a furanose.

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