Podcast
Questions and Answers
It is essential to read the manual at least once if you are new to the lab.
It is essential to read the manual at least once if you are new to the lab.
True
Dissembling the microscope for repair is recommended.
Dissembling the microscope for repair is recommended.
False
The objectives lens should touch the object during use.
The objectives lens should touch the object during use.
False
It is recommended to have the microscope checked once a year by a professional technician.
It is recommended to have the microscope checked once a year by a professional technician.
Signup and view all the answers
Microscopes are only used in biological and medical fields.
Microscopes are only used in biological and medical fields.
Signup and view all the answers
The microscope filter is only used to study atomic structure.
The microscope filter is only used to study atomic structure.
Signup and view all the answers
It is recommended to store the microscope in a box when not in use.
It is recommended to store the microscope in a box when not in use.
Signup and view all the answers
The user should be seated facing the sunlight when using the microscope.
The user should be seated facing the sunlight when using the microscope.
Signup and view all the answers
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the blood stream.
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the blood stream.
Signup and view all the answers
Hematuria can be caused by problems in the female reproductive system.
Hematuria can be caused by problems in the female reproductive system.
Signup and view all the answers
Non-glomerular causes of hematuria can only occur in the lower urinary tract.
Non-glomerular causes of hematuria can only occur in the lower urinary tract.
Signup and view all the answers
A complete evaluation of the urinary tract is indicated for patients with low-risk hematuria.
A complete evaluation of the urinary tract is indicated for patients with low-risk hematuria.
Signup and view all the answers
Hematuria is a symptom that requires immediate medical attention.
Hematuria is a symptom that requires immediate medical attention.
Signup and view all the answers
Hematuria can be caused by benign and temporary conditions.
Hematuria can be caused by benign and temporary conditions.
Signup and view all the answers
Blood tests are not necessary to diagnose the underlying cause of hematuria.
Blood tests are not necessary to diagnose the underlying cause of hematuria.
Signup and view all the answers
Cystoscopy of the lower urinary tract is not a necessary test for hematuria.
Cystoscopy of the lower urinary tract is not a necessary test for hematuria.
Signup and view all the answers
A disease process in the kidney can cause cells or substances to become trapped in the protein as the cast is formed.
A disease process in the kidney can cause cells or substances to become trapped in the protein as the cast is formed.
Signup and view all the answers
The number and types of cells and material in the urine can provide a general idea of the diagnosis.
The number and types of cells and material in the urine can provide a general idea of the diagnosis.
Signup and view all the answers
Crystals are formed in the urine only if the urine pH is high.
Crystals are formed in the urine only if the urine pH is high.
Signup and view all the answers
All crystals found in the urine are considered abnormal.
All crystals found in the urine are considered abnormal.
Signup and view all the answers
Crystals can form within the kidneys as urine is being made and may group together to form kidney 'stones' or calculi.
Crystals can form within the kidneys as urine is being made and may group together to form kidney 'stones' or calculi.
Signup and view all the answers
Medications can never crystallize in urine.
Medications can never crystallize in urine.
Signup and view all the answers
A dark field microscope uses a condenser lens that directs light towards the objective lens.
A dark field microscope uses a condenser lens that directs light towards the objective lens.
Signup and view all the answers
Urine contains only waste chemicals that the body needs to eliminate.
Urine contains only waste chemicals that the body needs to eliminate.
Signup and view all the answers
The numerical aperture of the objective lens must be greater than 1.0 for oil immersion.
The numerical aperture of the objective lens must be greater than 1.0 for oil immersion.
Signup and view all the answers
Kidney stones can never become lodged in the ureters.
Kidney stones can never become lodged in the ureters.
Signup and view all the answers
Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used without an adjustable diaphragm.
Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used without an adjustable diaphragm.
Signup and view all the answers
A dark field microscope makes use of a special condenser that has no central blocked out area.
A dark field microscope makes use of a special condenser that has no central blocked out area.
Signup and view all the answers
Fluorescence microscopy is used to image samples that absorb one wavelength of light and emit another.
Fluorescence microscopy is used to image samples that absorb one wavelength of light and emit another.
Signup and view all the answers
The process of a substance absorbing energy of a shorter light and emitting light of a longer wavelength is called immunofluorescence.
The process of a substance absorbing energy of a shorter light and emitting light of a longer wavelength is called immunofluorescence.
Signup and view all the answers
Fluorescence microscopy is used to detect Treponema palladium in chancre fluid.
Fluorescence microscopy is used to detect Treponema palladium in chancre fluid.
Signup and view all the answers
Immunofluorescence is a type of light microscopy used to image samples that fluoresce.
Immunofluorescence is a type of light microscopy used to image samples that fluoresce.
Signup and view all the answers
Southern blotting is used to detect proteins.
Southern blotting is used to detect proteins.
Signup and view all the answers
Western blotting is usually done on a tissue homogenate or extract.
Western blotting is usually done on a tissue homogenate or extract.
Signup and view all the answers
SDS-PAGE is a type of gel chromatography.
SDS-PAGE is a type of gel chromatography.
Signup and view all the answers
Autoradiography is used to visualize antigen-antibody complexes on a Western blot.
Autoradiography is used to visualize antigen-antibody complexes on a Western blot.
Signup and view all the answers
Volumetric analysis is used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.
Volumetric analysis is used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.
Signup and view all the answers
Chemiluminescent compounds are used to produce heat during Western blot detection.
Chemiluminescent compounds are used to produce heat during Western blot detection.
Signup and view all the answers
Western blotting uses antibodies specific to the protein to be detected.
Western blotting uses antibodies specific to the protein to be detected.
Signup and view all the answers
Volumetric analysis is a qualitative analytical technique.
Volumetric analysis is a qualitative analytical technique.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Dark Field Microscopy
- Dark field microscopy uses a special condenser lens that directs a cone of light away from the objective lens, creating a dark background.
- The objective lens must have a numerical aperture (NA) less than 1.0, and oil immersion is used to maximize scattered light-gathering power.
- Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used if they have an adjustable diaphragm to reduce the NA.
- Applications of dark field microscopy include:
- Detection of certain microorganisms, such as Treponema palladium, Leptospira, and Borrelia.
- Examination of stool samples for Vibro chlorea and Campylobacter species.
Fluorescence Microscopy
- Fluorescence microscopy is used to image samples that fluoresce, absorbing one wavelength of light and emitting another.
- The phenomenon of fluorescence occurs when a substance absorbs the energy of a shorter light wavelength and emits light of a longer wavelength.
- Fluorescence microscopy is used in the detection of antigen and antibody reactions, known as immunofluorescence.
- The process involves exciting fluorescent molecules with light of one wavelength and collecting the light of a different wavelength that they emit to form a picture.
Microscope Maintenance
- Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity of a microscope.
- The microscope should be stored in a box, and the objectives lens should not touch the object.
- The user should be seated at the right height and directly away from sunlight.
- It is recommended to have the microscope checked once a year by a professional technician.
Uses of Microscopes
- Microscopes are used to study atomic structure, tissue structure, and the role of proteins in cells.
- They are useful in medical, biological, geological, and crime detection applications.
- Microscopes are used to examine forensic evidence.
Hematuria
- Hematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.
- It can be a sign or indicator of an underlying cause, which may be benign or require further investigation.
- The presence of blood or red blood cells can enter and mix with urine at multiple anatomical sites, including the urinary system, female reproductive system, and integumentary system.
- Imaging of the upper urinary tract and cystoscopy of the lower urinary tract are indicated for hematuria.
Urinary Casts
- Urinary casts are formed when cells or other substances become trapped in the protein as the cast is formed.
- The numbers and types of cells and/or material can yield detailed information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.
Crystals
- Urine contains many dissolved substances that can form crystals, solid forms of a particular substance, if the concentration of the substance is high enough.
- Crystals are identified by their shape, color, and urine pH.
- Normal crystals may be present in the urine of healthy individuals, while abnormal crystals may indicate an abnormal metabolic process.
Western Blotting
- Western blotting is a technique used to detect proteins.
- It involves separating proteins in a mixture using SDS-PAGE, transferring the protein bands to a membrane, and probing with antibodies specific to the protein of interest.
- The antigen-antibody complexes can be visualized using enzyme-linked antibodies or chemiluminescence.
Volumetric Analysis
- Volumetric analysis, also known as titrimetry, is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.
- The method relies on measuring the volume of a reagent required to react completely with the analyte.
- Volumetric analysis is a versatile and widely used technique in analytical chemistry, providing precise and accurate measurements of the concentration of substances in solutions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the techniques used in optical microscopy, including dark field condenser lenses, oil immersion, and numerical aperture. Understand how to maximize the scattered light-gathering power of the objective lens.
