Microscopy and Light Collection Techniques

Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance ______ in the microscopic image.

Fixation is used to preserve the ______ of the cells or tissue involved as much as possible.

The hanging drop technique enables viewing of size, shape, arrangement and ______ of live microorganisms in fluid media.

Microbiologists commonly stain bacterial cells because the cytoplasm lacks ______, making it hard to see the cells.

The hanging drop technique requires the use of special ______ slides.

Low power low curvature lenses could be made with minimal ______.

The maximum resolution that Abbe was able to achieve is about 10 times better than the resolution ______ had achieved.

This resolution of 0.2 microns or 200 nanometers is a physical limit imposed by the ______ of light.

Carl Zeiss began his own business in the German university town of ______.

Between 1846 and 1866, microscopes of uniformly high quality were built in Zeiss' workshop in accordance with very strict rules of ______.

The first genuine compound microscope produced was called the ______.

Zeiss took great pride in what had become a prosperous ______.

Zeiss also was aware that competition from other microscope manufacturers would eventually bypass his ______ if he failed to continue to produce innovations.

The main advantages of staining include providing contrast between microorganisms and their ______.

Staining permits the study of internal structures of the bacterial cell, such as the cell ______, vacuoles or nuclear bodies.

Heat fixing involves passing the slide over the bunsen flame quickly ______ times.

Simple staining is the use of a single stain to colour a bacterial ______.

Bacteria have chromophores that are positively charged, creating an attraction between the cationic chromatophores and the ______.

Acidic dyes, such as eosine, will not stain bacteria due to ______ repelling forces.

The staining times for most simple stains are usually from 30 seconds to ______ minutes.

Crystal violet and carbol fuschin are examples of ______ dyes.

Acid fast stain results can confirm the presence of the bacteria known as ______, which is responsible for causing tuberculosis.

Fluorochrome acid fast staining is used in conjunction with the ______ method in laboratories.

Fluorochrome stained slides can be examined with ______ or 100X magnification.

The procedure starts by pouring ______ on the slide and heating carefully until steam rises.

Acid fast organisms, e.g., ______ and Mycobacterium leprae stain well.

Structural staining allows the observation of certain ______ on bacteria.

Bacteria belonging to the genera ______ and Clostridium produce extremely heat resistant structures called endospores.

The resistance of endospores to heat and chemicals is due primarily to a thick, tough ______ coat.

The malachite green-Schaeffer and Fulton method commonly used by most ______.

Endospore stains ______ but the rest of the cell stains light red.

To prepare a thin smear, place the slide on a staining rack above boiling ______.

Counter stain with ______ for 30 seconds.

For capsule staining, a small drop of ______ ink is mixed with bacterial culture.

Allow the slide over the flame to fix after adding few drops of ______ alcohol.

In flagella staining, heat the ______ in a test tube to boiling point.

The capsule will appear as haloes in blue ______ of bacterium under microscope.