Optical Isomers and Racemates in Chemical Reactions
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Questions and Answers

Which carboxylic acid derivative is more reactive than carboxylic acids?

  • Alcohols
  • Acyl chlorides (correct)
  • Acid anhydrides
  • Esters
  • What is the product when propan-1-ol undergoes a reaction with 2[H]?

  • 2-hydroxypropanenitrile
  • Propan-2-ol
  • hydroxynitrile
  • Propanone (correct)
  • What happens when an acyl chloride reacts with water?

  • Forms carboxylic acid and HCl gas (correct)
  • Forms ketone and water
  • Forms alcohol and HCl gas
  • Forms ester and water
  • Which condition is required for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls to form hydroxynitriles?

    <p>Room temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carboxylic acid derivative undergoes a change to form esters when reacting with alcohol?

    <p>Acid anhydrides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mechanism is involved in the reaction of carbonyl compounds with hydrogen cyanide?

    <p>Nucleophilic addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound undergoes the Iodoform test and forms CHI3 as a yellow crystalline precipitate?

    <p>Ethanal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of dilute sodium hydroxide under reflux conditions, which product is formed from methyl propanoate and NaOH?

    <p>Sodium propanoate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carboxylic acid derivative is resistant to attack by weak nucleophiles like alcohols?

    <p>Acyl chlorides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of mechanism is the extra KCN used to increase the concentration of CN- ion nucleophile for the first step?

    <p>SN2 mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orange precipitate formed when 2,4-DNP reacts with aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Orange precipitate is not formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when RCOCl reacts with water?

    <p>Nucleophilic addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formation of a racemate through nucleophilic addition of HCN to aldehydes and ketones, why is a racemate formed?

    <p>The attacking species approaches the trigonal planar carbonyl from both sides, leading to an equal chance of either enantiomer forming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the SN1 mechanism differ from the SN2 mechanism in terms of intermediates formation?

    <p>SN1 mechanism forms intermediates, while SN2 mechanism does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the formation of a racemate occur in the reaction involving a haloalkane with the OH- ion using the SN1 mechanism?

    <p>The reaction occurs via a transition state resulting in a racemate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of a trigonal planar reactant or intermediate that leads to the formation of a racemate in certain chemical reactions?

    <p>It allows attacking species to approach from both sides equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the formation of a racemate affect the optical activity of the resulting product?

    <p>A racemate reduces optical activity to zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a chiral reactant is used in a reaction, what would be the result in terms of enantiomer formation?

    <p>A racemate would still be formed due to the nature of chiral compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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