Opioids and Their Medical Applications
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of Buprenorphine in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

  • partial/weak μ agonist + κ antagonist (correct)
  • full μ antagonist
  • pure μ agonist
  • pure κ antagonist
  • Which opioid receptor is associated with dysphoria?

  • Unknown
  • κ (kappa) receptor (correct)
  • μ (mu) receptor
  • δ (delta) receptor
  • What is the characteristic of Nalorphine in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

  • full μ agonist
  • agonist - antagonist (correct)
  • partial/weak μ agonist + κ antagonist
  • pure κ antagonist
  • What is the effect of Opioids on gastrointestinal motility?

    <p>Decrease motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Naltrexone in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

    <p>pure μ antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Opioids on pupils?

    <p>Constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which naloxone reverses the effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>Competitive antagonism at μ receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of buprenorphine over morphine in terms of dependence?

    <p>Lower abuse liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the withdrawal syndrome associated with buprenorphine?

    <p>Delayed onset, milder, and longer-lasting symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why naloxone is unable to precipitate withdrawal in buprenorphine-dependent subjects?

    <p>Buprenorphine has a high affinity for opioid receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which buprenorphine exhibits its agonistic action?

    <p>Partial agonism at μ receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why buprenorphine is often preferred over morphine in clinical practice?

    <p>Buprenorphine has a lower abuse liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific antidote for acute morphine poisoning?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cross-tolerance among opioids?

    <p>High degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of morphine, especially in elderly males?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of death in acute morphine poisoning?

    <p>Respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of morphine that can produce serious toxicity in a non-tolerant adult when administered intramuscularly?

    <p>50 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gastric lavage with pot.permanganate in the treatment of acute morphine poisoning?

    <p>To remove unabsorbed drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major advantage of tramadol over morphine?

    <p>It causes less respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tramadol?

    <p>Opioid receptor agonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of tramadol?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for opioid analgesics in dentistry?

    <p>Severe pain management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic benefit of administering morphine promptly in myocardial infarction?

    <p>Allay of apprehension and reflex sympathetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of tramadol for children?

    <p>1-2 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with the use of morphine that limits its medical application?

    <p>Its high abuse liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of morphine withdrawal in dependent subjects?

    <p>Marked drug-seeking behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of treating morphine dependence?

    <p>Substitution with oral methadone followed by gradual withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical precaution when using morphine in certain patients?

    <p>Avoiding use in patients with respiratory insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of morphine use in patients with bronchial asthma?

    <p>Precipitation of an asthma attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of morphine?

    <p>Head injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of retaining CO2 in patients with head injury when administered morphine?

    <p>Increased intracranial tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is more susceptible to urinary retention when administered morphine?

    <p>Elderly male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potency of codeine compared to morphine?

    <p>1/10th as potent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of codeine on cough?

    <p>It is a selective cough suppressant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of a single oral dose of codeine?

    <p>4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants with morphine?

    <p>They potentiate morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of codeine in terms of its analgesic effect?

    <p>It is less efficacious than morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of morphine on respiratory function in patients with head injury?

    <p>It causes marked respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is more sensitive to morphine?

    <p>Hypothyroid patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between morphine and vomiting in patients with head injury?

    <p>Morphine interferes with assessment of vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

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