Opioids and Their Medical Applications

What is the characteristic of Buprenorphine in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

partial/weak μ agonist + κ antagonist

Which opioid receptor is associated with dysphoria?

κ (kappa) receptor

What is the characteristic of Nalorphine in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

agonist - antagonist

What is the effect of Opioids on gastrointestinal motility?

Decrease motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Naltrexone in terms of its opioid receptor interaction?

pure μ antagonist Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Opioids on pupils?

Constriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which naloxone reverses the effects of opioid agonists?

Competitive antagonism at μ receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of buprenorphine over morphine in terms of dependence?

Lower abuse liability Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the withdrawal syndrome associated with buprenorphine?

Delayed onset, milder, and longer-lasting symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why naloxone is unable to precipitate withdrawal in buprenorphine-dependent subjects?

Buprenorphine has a high affinity for opioid receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which buprenorphine exhibits its agonistic action?

Partial agonism at μ receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why buprenorphine is often preferred over morphine in clinical practice?

Buprenorphine has a lower abuse liability Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific antidote for acute morphine poisoning?

Naloxone Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cross-tolerance among opioids?

High degree Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of morphine, especially in elderly males?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in acute morphine poisoning?

Respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose of morphine that can produce serious toxicity in a non-tolerant adult when administered intramuscularly?

50 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gastric lavage with pot.permanganate in the treatment of acute morphine poisoning?

To remove unabsorbed drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of tramadol over morphine?

It causes less respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of tramadol?

Opioid receptor agonism Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of tramadol?

Dizziness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for opioid analgesics in dentistry?

Severe pain management Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic benefit of administering morphine promptly in myocardial infarction?

Allay of apprehension and reflex sympathetic stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose of tramadol for children?

1-2 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the use of morphine that limits its medical application?

Its high abuse liability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of morphine withdrawal in dependent subjects?

Marked drug-seeking behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of treating morphine dependence?

Substitution with oral methadone followed by gradual withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical precaution when using morphine in certain patients?

Avoiding use in patients with respiratory insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of morphine use in patients with bronchial asthma?

Precipitation of an asthma attack Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of morphine?

Head injury Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of retaining CO2 in patients with head injury when administered morphine?

Increased intracranial tension Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group is more susceptible to urinary retention when administered morphine?

Elderly male Signup and view all the answers

What is the potency of codeine compared to morphine?

1/10th as potent Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of codeine on cough?

It is a selective cough suppressant Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of a single oral dose of codeine?

4-6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants with morphine?

They potentiate morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of codeine in terms of its analgesic effect?

It is less efficacious than morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on respiratory function in patients with head injury?

It causes marked respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group is more sensitive to morphine?

Hypothyroid patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between morphine and vomiting in patients with head injury?

Morphine interferes with assessment of vomiting Signup and view all the answers