Opioid Pharmacology Quiz

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What is one of the main actions of opioid agonists on μ (MOP) receptors?

Enhances glutamate transmission

Increases serotonin release

Inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase (correct)

Promotes calcium ion influx

Which event occurs as a result of K+ channel opening in postsynaptic neurons?

Hyperpolarization of the neuron (correct)

Inhibition of G protein activation

Enhanced neurotransmitter release

Increased positive charge inside the neuron

What is the effect of opioids on neurotransmitter release in relation to glutamate?

Increases glutamate release from presynaptic neurons

Has no effect on glutamate release

Reduces glutamate release from presynaptic neurons (correct)

Stimulates excessive glutamate release

Which endogenous substances act on opioid receptors within the body?

Enkephalins, Endorphins, Dynorphins Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological effect of opioids is characterized by a strong feeling of well-being?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which category of opium includes heroin and oxycodone?

Synthetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the prototype mixed agonist-antagonist in opioid pharmacology?

Pentazocine Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid receptor is primarily associated with the action of analgesia and positive reinforcement?

Delta Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid receptor is known for its involvement in respiratory depression and cardiovascular effects?

Mu Signup and view all the answers

What effect does naloxone have when administered to an opioid-dependent individual?

Precipitates withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary mechanism through which opioids produce euphoric effects?

Activation of mu receptors leading to increased dopamine release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the effects of opioids on respiration?

Depression of respiration due to brainstem effects Signup and view all the answers

What secondary effect is characteristic of opioid ingestion?

Pupillary constriction (miosis) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of chronic opioid treatment on the gastrointestinal system?

Constipation due to decreased motility Signup and view all the answers

How do opioids influence hormonal balance in men and women?

Reduce libido and cause menstrual irregularities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of acute pain?

It serves as a useful warning system. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is associated with increased sensitivity to painful stimuli?

Neuropathic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the use of naltrexone?

Flu-like symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of primary afferent nociceptive sensory neurons located?

In the dorsal root ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications can reduce firing of primary afferent neurons at the injury site?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of naloxone in medical settings?

Reversing respiratory depression in overdoses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes naltrexone?

It is a pure opioid antagonist approved for treating heroin dependence. Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological activity is involved in pain signaling between the brain and the spinal cord?

Descending pathways Signup and view all the answers

How is naloxone primarily administered?

Not effective via gastrointestinal absorption Signup and view all the answers

What kind of pain is caused by noxious stimuli and does not involve conscious awareness?

Nociceptive pain Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of antidepressants in pain management?

They activate descending pathways to inhibit pain signals. Signup and view all the answers

What results from physical dependence on opioids?

Altered physiological state with biological reactions opposite to pharmacological effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated single daily oral dose of naltrexone for treating heroin dependence?

40 to 100 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding morphine?

It crosses the blood-brain barrier fairly slowly Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain lasts for more than three months?

Chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

How is codeine primarily metabolized in the body?

By the enzyme CYP-2D6 to morphine Signup and view all the answers

What can occur due to maternal opioid use during pregnancy?

Withdrawal symptoms in infants at birth Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes heroin from morphine?

Heroin is three times more potent than morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Fentanyl as an opioid?

It can be administered through various routes. Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is known for having a ceiling effect limiting its analgesic effectiveness?

Buprenorphine Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Meperidine from Morphine in terms of side effects?

Meperidine can cause convulsions and delirium. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of Methadone?

Maintenance treatment for opioid addiction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potent potency comparison of Propoxyphene?

More potent than codeine, less potent than morphine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions does Tramadol achieve?

Blocks presynaptic reuptake of norepinephrine. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Morphine associated with a high risk when smoked with crack cocaine?

It leads to intense euphoria and significant mental health risks. Signup and view all the answers

In opioid rehabilitation, what is a significant advantage of using Buprenorphine?

It reduces needle-associated diseases and illicit drug use. Signup and view all the answers