Opioid Antagonists and Meningitis Quiz

Medico Express 2nd Year MBBS Block 6 Minors

• This block covers minors in the 2nd year MBBS curriculum

Medico Express Block 6 Neurosciences-I & Inflammation Module

• Detailed review text book
• Subjects covered include Gross Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacotherapeutics, Aging, and Disease Prevention & Impact.
• Includes a textbook, MCQs, PAST UHS SEQS, and Quick Summaries.
• Authored by Dr. Hunzala Siddiq Khan and Dr. Fatima Nasir

Neurology

• This is a stand-alone page, indicating it's a separate part of block 6.

Chapter - 06 Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics

• This chapter details various opioid receptors, mechanisms of action (MOA), pharmacological actions, clinical uses, and adverse effects of opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists, and antagonists.
• Covers clinical uses including pain relief, cough suppression, and antidiarrheals.
• Contains adverse effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, constipation, etc.

Chapter - 06 (Continued) Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics

• Details MOA, pharmacological actions, clinical uses, and adverse effects for opioid agonist-antagonist drugs.
• Discusses clinical uses including pain management, and opioid dependence management.
• Lists adverse effects like sedation, gastrointestinal distress, respiratory depression, and neurological effects.

Chapter - 07 Disease Prevention and Impact

• General framework for mental health with definitions for health and mental health
• Global prevalence and local prevalence rates in the Indian context, including mental health service statistics.
• Characteristics of mental health such as self-comfort, good relationships with others, and managing personal life.
• Types of mental illness based on ICD-10, distinguishing between major and minor illnesses.
• Causes of mental illness including organic conditions, heredity, social and environmental factors, and crucial periods in the life cycle (prenatal, childhood, school age, adolescence, old age).
• Preventive aspects, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention along with their components.
• Comprehensive mental health program elements such as inpatient and outpatient services, and community facilities.

NS-Pa-001, Pathophysiology - Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs)

• Defines cerebral vascular accident (CVA) as sudden interruption in blood supply to the brain.
• Describes etiology, including thrombotic occlusion (atherosclerosis, local thrombosis), embolic occlusion (cardiac, arterial, paradoxical, and other sources), and vascular rupture (hypertension, aneurysms, vascular malformations, etc.).
• Outlines the morphological changes in global cerebral ischemia (early, subacute, repair), focal cerebral ischemia (nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic infarcts), and intracranial hemorrhage (primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage, cerebral amyloid angiopathy).
• Identifies and describes different types of hemorrhages (e.g., subarachnoid, vascular malformations).

NS-Pa-002 (Continued) Pathophysiology - Meningitis

• Defines meningitis as inflammation affecting the leptomeninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) within the subarachnoid space.
• Categorizes meningitis into types including acute pyogenic (bacterial) and aseptic (viral) meningitis.
• Summarizes causes, CSF findings, and morphological features for each type.

Pathophysiology - 001 MCQ Pearls

• Series of multiple-choice questions related to different topics covering causes, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of diseases discussed throughout the block.

NS-Ph-001 (Continued) MCQ Pearls – Opioids

• A set of MCQ pearls focussed on opioid-related topics like opioid receptors, agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists, antagonists, and relevant mechanisms and uses.

NS-Ph-002 MCQ Pearls – CNS Stimulants & Depressants

• A set of MCQ pearls focussed on CNS stimulants and depressants.

NS-Pa-002 (Continued) MCQ Pearls – Types of Meningitis

• A set of MCQ pearls focussed on types of meningitis.

NS-Pa-001 (Continued) - Cerebrovascular Diseases

• Series of multiple-choice questions related to topics on CVA (cerebral vascular accidents).

NS-BhS-001 – Behavioral and Learning Sciences

• Theoretical basis of different learning theories (classical, operant, observational).
• Examples of medical practice for each theory, including managing habits, treating fear and anxiety, and overcoming chemotherapy-induced nausea. Discusses the role of learning principles to help people prepare for medical interventions.

NS-BhS-002 – Behavioral and Learning Sciences – Memory

• Stages in memory (encoding, storage, retrieval) and distinctions between short and long-term memories (STM, LTM).
• Methods to improve memory or recall for different types of learning (knowledge of results, attention, rehearsal, organization, selection).
• Types of memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term memories.
• Techniques/strategies aimed at effectively improving memory functions.

NS-M-001 – Medicine – Stroke & CVAs

• Definition of stroke, various types, symptoms/signs, pathology, and management strategies.

NS-M-002 – Medicine – Epilepsy

• Definition of epilepsy, different types of seizures, symptoms, and management strategies.

NS-M-003 – Medicine – Meningitis

• Types of meningitis (bacterial, viral, tuberculous, fungal), symptoms, signs, CSF characteristics (bacterial vs. viral vs. tuberculous), and management strategies.

NS-S-001 – Surgery/Stroke/CVA

• Role of surgery in stroke, including decompressive surgery, hemorrhagic stroke management, carotid endarterectomy, and ventricular drainage.

NS-Ag-001 – Aging – Inflammatory Changes

• Covers inflammatory changes in older adults and their links to various diseases.
• Includes the decline in immune system function, increased susceptibility to infections, and elevated production of inflammatory mediators.

Chapter Details - 08 Aging

• Covers different types of dementia (Alzheimer's, vascular, fronto-temporal, Lewy body dementia), their pathophysiology, and clinical features.

Chapter 08 Aging (Continued)

• Outlines risk factors, and management strategies for dementia and other conditions associated with aging.

IN-Ph-001 – Pharmacology & Therapeutics

• Detailed discussion around different types of prostaglandin analogues, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Provides details regarding the use of prostaglandins.

IN-Ph-002 – Pharmacology & Therapeutics

• Details of various anti-inflammatory drugs (steroidal and non-steroidal). Classification of these drugs, mechanism of action (MOA), and pertinent clinical uses are included.

IN-Ph-003 – Pharmacology & Therapeutics

• Detailed discussion covering mechanism of action, clinical applications, and adverse effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

IN-Ph-004 – Pharmacology & Therapeutics

• Discusses non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with a focus on their mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Discusses COX-1 and COX-2 and their selective inhibitors. Includes detailed discussion around toxicity.

IN-Ph-005 – Pharmacology & Therapeutics

• This section provides a detailed comparison and classification of selective and non-selective COX inhibitors, and also considers paracetamol. Focuses on antihistamines (1st & 2nd generation H1 antagonists) and H2 antagonists. Includes toxicity discussion.

IN-Pa-001 – Pathology

• Overview of acute inflammation, including the stages and components.

IN-Pa-002 – Pathology

• This section details the differences between transudates and exudates, causes for edema, and components of inflammation.

IN-Pa-003 – Pathology

• This section provides information on chronic inflammation, particularly its morphological features and the involved cells. This includes granulomatous inflammation, and a discussion on mycobacteria characteristics and diagnostics.

IN-Pa-004 – Cell Repair, Cell Proliferation and Stem Cells

• This section details the stages involved in tissue repair, cell proliferation, and role of growth factors. Comprehensive overview of different types of healing and factors influencing the process with practical considerations like wound healing complications like keloids.

IN-Pa-001 (Continued) Pathology - Acute Inflammation

• Covers different types of inflammation, namely serous, fibrinous, purulent (suppurative), and ulcer formation and its process.

IN-Pa-003 – Pathology (Continued)

• Discusses the components and progression of inflammation, including various cell types involved, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils.

IN-Pa-004 – Pathology (Continued) – Tissue Repair

• Discusses the concept of cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and stem cells in tissue repair. This section further delves into regeneration and repair, healing processes in tissues along with factors impacting the process of healing.

IN-CM-001 – Community Medicine/Public Health – Disease Prevention and Impact

• Covers modes of transmission of communicable diseases (direct, indirect, airborne, vector-borne), and general concepts of disease prevention including health education, vaccines, sanitation, and vector control. Also includes discussion around surveillance and isolation and quarantine.

IN-BhS-001 – Behavioral&Learning Sciences – Stress and Inflammation

• Explains the correlation between psychological stress and inflammation. Describes the pathways (neuroendocrine, immune system, cellular mechanisms), health implications of those correlations, and management strategies.