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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the Accommodation Pupillary Reflex?
What is the main function of the Accommodation Pupillary Reflex?
Which eye condition is characterized by the loss of lens transparency?
Which eye condition is characterized by the loss of lens transparency?
What results from the blockage of drainage of aqueous humor in the eye?
What results from the blockage of drainage of aqueous humor in the eye?
Which eye condition interferes with rod function, affecting vision at night?
Which eye condition interferes with rod function, affecting vision at night?
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What is a common cause of blindness in the elderly?
What is a common cause of blindness in the elderly?
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Which part of the eye secretes clear wavery fluid similar to blood plasma?
Which part of the eye secretes clear wavery fluid similar to blood plasma?
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What is the purpose of the Vitreous Humor in the eye?
What is the purpose of the Vitreous Humor in the eye?
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Which structure in the eye is a flexible biconvex crystal-like structure that focuses light onto the retina?
Which structure in the eye is a flexible biconvex crystal-like structure that focuses light onto the retina?
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In which segment of the eye is the Rhodopsin, a purple pigment found in rods, located?
In which segment of the eye is the Rhodopsin, a purple pigment found in rods, located?
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Which part of the eye contains photoreceptors that respond to light?
Which part of the eye contains photoreceptors that respond to light?
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What is the function of the Ophthalmoscope?
What is the function of the Ophthalmoscope?
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Where are fibers from the medial side of each eye crossed over to the opposite side of the brain?
Where are fibers from the medial side of each eye crossed over to the opposite side of the brain?
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What condition is characterized by parallel light rays from distant objects being focused behind the retina?
What condition is characterized by parallel light rays from distant objects being focused behind the retina?
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What term describes the eyes' ability to focus specifically for close objects?
What term describes the eyes' ability to focus specifically for close objects?
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Which part of the eye provides for depth perception by fusing slightly different images from each eye?
Which part of the eye provides for depth perception by fusing slightly different images from each eye?
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What is the result of myopia?
What is the result of myopia?
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Study Notes
Eye Reflexes and Disorders
- Accommodation Pupillary Reflex: pupils constrict when viewing close objects, providing more acute vision.
- Homeostatic Imbalance of the Eyes: Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, also known as Pinkeye, which is infectious and caused by bacteria or viruses.
- Night Blindness: interferes with rod function, hindering our ability to see at night.
- Color Blindness: lacks all 3 cone types.
- Cataracts: loss of lens transparency, causing hazy and distorted vision, eventually leading to blindness.
- Glaucoma: blocked drainage of aqueous humor increases pressure, compressing the retina and optic nerve, leading to blindness unless detected early.
Eye Structure and Function
- Neural Layer: transparent inner retina containing millions of receptor cells, including rods and cones.
- Rods and Cones: photoreceptors responding to light, with cones allowing for color vision and rods for low-light vision.
- Bipolar and Ganglion Cells: 2-neuron chain receiving electric signals, transmitted to the optic nerve.
- Optic Disc: area where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball, with no photoreceptors, resulting in a blind spot.
- Fovea Centralis: tiny pit containing only cones, providing the area of greatest visual acuity.
Eye Components and Functions
- Rhodopsin: purple pigment found in rods, formed from opsin and retinal.
- Lens: flexible, biconvex crystal-like structure focusing light on the retina.
- Anterior (Aqueous) Segment: area anterior to the lens, containing aqueous humor, a clear fluid similar to blood plasma.
- Posterior (Vitreous) Segment: area posterior to the lens, containing vitreous humor, a gel-like substance preventing the eyeball from collapsing.
- Intraocular Pressure: pressure inside the eye, regulated by the scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm.
Ophthalmic Instruments and Vision
- Ophthalmoscope: instrument illuminating the interior of the eyeball, allowing for examination and viewing.
- Accommodation: the eyes' ability to focus specifically for close objects.
- Real Image: image formed on the retina, reversed from left to right, upside down, and smaller than the object.
- Optic Chiasma: fibers from the medial side of each eye crossing over to the opposite side of the brain.
- Optic Tracts: containing fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye.
- Optic Radiation: axons synapsing with neurons in the thalamus, running to the occipital lobe of the brain.
- Binocular Vision: "two-eyed vision" providing depth perception, also known as 3D vision.
- Emmetropia: "harmonious vision", normal vision without refractive errors.
- Myopia: nearsightedness, parallel light rays failing to reach the retina.
- Hyperopia: farsightedness, parallel light rays focused behind the retina.
- Photopupillary Reflex: protective reflex preventing excessively bright light from damaging photoreceptors.
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Description
Test your knowledge of important terms and concepts in the field of ophthalmology with this quiz. From the anatomy of the eye to optical phenomena, this quiz covers a range of topics that are essential for understanding vision science.
