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Questions and Answers
What is one characteristic of laser light?
Which class of lasers is classified as inherently safe?
Which type of laser is primarily used for ocular procedures?
What is the purpose of documenting laser use in the operating room?
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What type of eye protection is advised for all staff during laser procedures?
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What action is recommended to ensure fire safety during laser procedures?
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What characteristic distinguishes Class IIIb lasers from Class III lasers?
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What is the primary function of the Nurse Laser Operator in the operating room?
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Which of the following types of lasers is NOT commonly mentioned for use in surgical procedures?
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Which precaution should be taken regarding the environment during laser procedures?
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Which structure in the eye is involved in controlling the intensity of light entering the eye?
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Which type of anesthesia can be administered via eyedrops during eye surgery?
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What is the primary goal of mydriatics in ophthalmic pharmacology?
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Which surgical procedure involves the repair of ocular misalignment?
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Which method is commonly used for treating diabetic retinopathy?
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What type of sutures are typically used in eye surgery to minimize handling and fraying?
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What is the purpose of scleral buckling in retinal surgery?
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Which surgical intervention is directly involved with the removal of the opaque lens in the eye?
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Which component plays a key role in maintaining the intraocular pressure?
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Which type of block is commonly used to provide anesthesia in the posterior segment of the eye?
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Study Notes
Global Vision Loss Statistics
- Over 160 million people worldwide experience significant vision loss.
- Approximately 37 million individuals are completely blind.
- Many eye conditions show no obvious symptoms, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection and treatment.
Surgical Anatomy of the Eye
- Major supportive structures include the bony orbit, lacrimal apparatus, eyelids, and various eye muscles.
- The refractive apparatus comprises the cornea, lens, vitreous body, and anterior chamber.
Physiology of Vision
- Light enters the eye, passing through the cornea, aqueous fluid, lens, and vitreous fluid.
- The iris regulates light intensity, while the retina transmits image signals through the optic nerve to the occipital area for interpretation.
Eye Anesthesia Options
- General anesthesia is used for more extensive procedures.
- Local anesthesia can be administered topically via eyedrops or via infiltration.
- Regional anesthesia options include Peribulbar and Retrobulbar blocks.
Ophthalmic Pharmacology
- Mydriatics dilate the pupil to allow focusing.
- Cycloplegics dilate the pupil while inhibiting focusing ability.
- Miotics constrict the pupil, and viscoelastics lubricate and support ocular surfaces.
- Hyperosmotics help reduce intraocular pressure, and antimetabolites prevent scar formation.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Surgical drapes should be water repellent and free from lint or fiber particles to maintain cleanliness.
- Preoperative prepping involves using 5% Povidone Iodine and sterile normal saline.
- Key equipment includes phacoemulsification machines, lasers, and operating microscopes.
Types of Extra Ocular Surgery
- Strabismus surgery corrects ocular misalignment using recession (weakening) or resection (strengthening) techniques.
- Dacryocystorhinostomy involves creating an opening between the tear sac and the nose.
Retinal Surgery Techniques
- Vitrectomy is an urgent procedure for removing vitreous to prevent blindness, applicable in both anterior and posterior conditions.
- Laser treatments are effective for diabetic retinopathy, while scleral buckling addresses retinal detachment using silicone implants.
- Retinopexy involves injecting a gas bubble into the posterior chamber to support reattachment.
Intraocular Surgery: Cataract Surgery
- Cataract extraction removes the cloudy lens, with two primary methods: Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE).
Laser Characteristics and Types
- Lasers produce light that is collimated, coherent, and monochromatic.
- Common types of lasers used in eye surgery include CO2 lasers, YAG lasers, Holmium lasers, and Green Light KTP lasers.
Laser Safety Classifications
- Class I lasers are inherently safe; Class II lasers are safe with normal use.
- Class III lasers pose a risk of eye damage, while Class IV can cause serious damage from scattered light.
ORNAC Laser Safety Standards
- A dedicated laser nurse and safety checklist are essential during procedures.
- Eye protection must be worn by all staff, and appropriate fire safety measures should be in place, including training and equipment inspections.
- Protecting the patient’s eyes and minimizing surgical smoke exposure are critical during laser procedures.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of eye surgery including the anatomy of the eye, surgical interventions, and postoperative care. Learn about intraocular and extraocular surgeries and the importance of medication during treatment. Gain insights into laser safety protocols in the operating room.
