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Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly describes the primary purpose of mydriatics in ophthalmic pharmacology?
What defines the process of scleral buckling in retinal surgery?
Which statement best distinguishes intraocular surgery from extraocular surgery?
What is a common characteristic of ophthalmic sutures used in eye surgery?
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What is the primary function of viscoelastics in ophthalmic procedures?
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Which anesthesia technique is most likely used for a patient undergoing vitrectomy?
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What role do irrigants play in ophthalmic medication?
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Which surgical technique is primarily utilized for correcting strabismus?
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Which statement about retrobulbar blocks is accurate?
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What condition is primarily treated with the surgical procedure of dacryocystorhinostomy?
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What characteristic of laser light refers to its ability to travel in a parallel beam?
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Which class of lasers can cause immediate severe eye damage upon exposure?
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Which of the following types of lasers is NOT mentioned in the content?
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What is one of the key responsibilities of a Nurse Laser Operator?
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What is a primary requirement for environmental safety in laser usage?
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In which category do lasers that are inherently safe fall?
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Which action is recommended to protect the patient's eyes during a laser procedure?
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What is one of the main purposes of regular inspections and dull finishing of instruments in laser procedures?
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Which laser type is specifically known for its usage in the context of soft tissue surgery?
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What is the required annual training focus for staff regarding laser safety?
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Study Notes
Eye Surgery & Lasers Overview
- Over 160 million people globally suffer from significant vision loss; more than 37 million are completely blind.
- Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and effective treatment of eye diseases.
Surgical Anatomy
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Key Supporting Structures:
- Bony orbit, lacrimal apparatus, eyelids, ocular muscles, globe, along with nerve and blood supply.
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Refractive Apparatus Components:
- cornea, lens, vitreous body (humour), anterior chamber (aqueous humour).
Physiology of Vision
- Light enters the eye through the cornea and passes through aqueous fluid, lens, and vitreous fluid.
- Iris regulates light intensity, and the retina conveys images to the optic nerve for interpretation in the occipital lobe.
Eye Anesthesia
- Types of Anesthesia:
- General anesthesia for wide-ranging procedures.
- Local anesthesia via topical (eyedrops) and infiltration.
- Regional anesthesia using peribulbar and retrobulbar blocks.
Ophthalmic Pharmacology
- Mydriatics: Dilate pupils to facilitate focusing.
- Cycloplegics: Dilate pupils but inhibit focusing.
- Miotics: Constrict pupils for various treatments.
- Other important agents include viscoelastics, irrigants, hyperosmotics, and antimetabolites for managing intraocular pressure and preventing scar formation.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
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Important Draping and Prepping Protocols:
- Use water-repellent drapes, and sterile normal saline, and ensure adequate air exchange.
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Essential Equipment:
- Phacoemulsification machines, cryotherapy machines, lasers, and operating microscopes.
Ophthalmic Sutures
- Non-absorbable sutures range in size from 4-0 to 10-0 nylon; delicate handling is essential to prevent weakening.
Surgical Interventions
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Extra Ocular Surgery:
- Strabismus surgery involves recession (weakening) and resection (strengthening) procedures.
- Dacryocystorhinostomy and removal of chalazion are also performed.
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Retinal Surgery:
- Vitrectomy is urgent to prevent blindness from vitreous loss.
- Laser treatments are used for diabetic retinopathy; scleral buckling and retinopexy for retinal detachment.
Intra Ocular Surgery
- Cataract surgery involves the extraction of an opaque lens; performed as either Extra Capsular (ECCE) or Intra Capsular (ICCE).
Laser Utilization in Surgery
- Laser Characteristics:
- Lasers are collimated, coherent, monochromatic light.
- Types of Lasers:
- CO2 Laser, YAG Laser/Holmium, Green Light KTP Laser.
Safety Classification of Lasers
- Class I: Inherently safe.
- Class II: Safe during normal use.
- Class III & IIIb: Present risk of eye damage; IIIb can cause severe damage with direct exposure.
- Class IV: High risk for ocular and skin damage; care needed with reflection/scattering.
ORNAC Laser Safety Standards
- Implementation of safety checklists and dedicated laser nurses.
- Environment setup includes proper signage, eye protection, restricted access, and maintaining a safe environment.
- Fire safety measures and regular instrument inspections are critical.
- Patients must also have their eyes protected during procedures, and staff should use appropriate masks for surgical smoke.
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Description
This quiz covers essential knowledge in Eye Surgery and the use of lasers in ophthalmology. It addresses the anatomy of the eye, various surgical interventions, medication protocols, and safety measures in the operating room. Suitable for healthcare professionals interested in ophthalmic practices.
