Ophthalmology Review

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Which function is NOT directly associated with the eye?

Detecting light
Processing auditory information (correct)
Enabling color perception
Maintaining intraocular pressure

What is the typical wavelength of an Nd:YAG laser used in ophthalmology?

1,064 nm (correct)
514 nm
694 nm
830 nm

In which part of the retina is the concentration of cone cells the highest?

Fovea (correct)
Macula
Choroid
Optic disc
Peripheral retina

What does the Schirmer test primarily evaluate?

Tear production (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve?

Glaucoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lens in the human eye?

To focus light onto the retina (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of refractive error is characterized by the eye focusing light behind the retina, leading to blurry near vision?

Hyperopia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition typically leads to the initial loss of peripheral vision?

Glaucoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the early stages of glaucoma, what visual change is most commonly experienced by affected individuals?

Decline in peripheral vision (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports difficulty seeing objects to their side but maintains clear central vision. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Glaucoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does glaucoma primarily affect peripheral vision in its early stages?

Because the peripheral nerve fibers of the optic nerve are more susceptible to damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the least likely symptom associated with the onset of glaucoma?

Sudden loss of central vision (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for controlling the shape of the eye's lens to allow for accommodation?

Ciliary body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rods located in the retina?

Sensing light and dark, enabling vision in low light (B) Signup and view all the answers

A person is having difficulty seeing clearly at a distance, but their close-up vision is unaffected. Which part of the eye is MOST likely malfunctioning?

The lens and ciliary body, impacting accommodation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Damage to which of the following structures would MOST directly affect a person's ability to perceive a wide range of colors?

The cones concentrated in the fovea (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the ciliary muscles are completely paralyzed, what immediate effect would this have on vision?

Inability to focus on objects at different distances (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a patient to see halos around lights?

Cataracts (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant risk factor for the development of presbyopia?

Advancing age (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing blurred vision at both near and far distances. Which refractive error is most likely the cause?

Astigmatism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common symptom associated with conjunctivitis?

Redness and itching of the eye (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cornea?

Focusing light onto the retina (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of corneal dystrophies, which layer of the retina contains photoreceptor cells?

Outer nuclear layer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to accurately diagnose corneal dystrophies?

Because specific treatments are appropriate for certain corneal dystrophies. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with bilateral corneal clouding that progresses slowly over decades. Family history reveals similar cases. Which is the most likely cause?

Corneal dystrophy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is least likely to be associated with corneal dystrophies?

Pain and inflammation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method is most useful in differentiating between various corneal dystrophies?

Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and genetic testing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Glaucoma?

Progressive damage to the optic nerve, often leading to peripheral vision loss initially.

What are Cataracts?

Clouding of the eye's natural lens, causing blurry vision.