Questions and Answers
What value in the Schirmer 1 test indicates an abnormal measurement for dry eye symptoms?
Which condition can the Schirmer 1 test help diagnose in a patient experiencing dryness of the eyes?
Why is the Schirmer 1 test performed without anesthetic?
Which of the following is a potential limitation of the Schirmer 1 test?
Signup and view all the answers
What duration is typically used for the Schirmer 1 test to determine tear production?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of entropion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition can cause entropion to develop?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by eyelashes turning inward and rubbing against the cornea?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of entropion could potentially lead to complications?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is least likely to be associated with entropion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best explains the secondary cause of trichiasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common treatment option for entropion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence of untreated trichiasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT associated with trichiasis?
Signup and view all the answers
In which population is trichiasis due to entropion most likely to occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the appearance of concretions in the ocular adnexa?
Signup and view all the answers
In which demographic are concretions most commonly found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major contributing factor to the formation of concretions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of concretions?
Signup and view all the answers
What color variations can concretions display?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes distichiasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition occurs when eyelashes grow inward from their normal position without entropion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common cause of madarosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT classified as having inward-growing lashes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential cause of trichiasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is primarily affected in meibomian gland dysfunction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is most commonly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction?
Signup and view all the answers
Meibomian gland dysfunction is also known as which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of untreated meibomian gland dysfunction?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of glands are primarily dysfunctional in meibomian gland dysfunction?
Signup and view all the answers
What abnormal eyelash condition is characterized by eyelashes growing from the meibomian glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by the inward turning of eyelashes, causing irritation to the eye?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions could cause a sensation of a foreign body in the eye due to eyelash misalignment?
Signup and view all the answers
In what condition might a patient notice excessive tearing and irritation due to abnormal eyelash growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is associated with the loss of eyelashes, potentially impacting eye comfort?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines symblepharon in relation to ocular anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eyelids are primarily affected by symblepharon?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of symblepharon, what does 'partial adhesion' imply?
Signup and view all the answers
What are potential causes of symblepharon?
Signup and view all the answers
How might a clinician diagnose symblepharon?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate length of a phthiriasis organism?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are phthiriasis organisms typically observed during a slit lamp exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What shape is the body of phthiriasis described as?
Signup and view all the answers
In which anatomical location can phthiriasis be found?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phthiriasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is used for corneal pseudodendrites or superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most appropriate management for postherpetic neuralgia related to herpes zoster?
Signup and view all the answers
In cases of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with uveitis, what is a recommended course of action?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended follow-up interval for patients with ocular involvement after an acute herpes zoster episode?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is indicated for stromal keratitis in herpes zoster?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is often used for the management of uveitis in herpes zoster?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if corneal ulceration occurs in neurotrophic keratitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a recommended initial treatment for conjunctivitis in the context of herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Entropion
- Inward turning of the eyelid towards the globe.
Trichiasis
- Resultant trichiasis occurs when eyelashes turned inward and rub against the cornea, secondary to entropion of the upper and lower lids.
Schirmer 1 Test
- A measurement below 10 mm in 5 minutes is considered abnormal.
Concretions
- Small, chalky, white/yellow inferior sub-conjunctival palpebral deposits.
- Often seen in elderly patients or those with chronic meibomian gland dysfunction.
Distichiasis
- A condition where eyelashes grow inward toward the globe from a position posterior to the normal row of lashes.
- Typically, these lashes emanate from the meibomian gland orifices.
- May be congenital or acquired secondary to chronic eyelid inflammatory conditions, surgery, or when an eyelid tumor is present.
Trichiasis
- Occurs when eyelashes originating from a normal position grow inward toward the globe.
- No entropion of the eyelid margin is present.
- Can occur after eyelid trauma, surgery, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, cicatricial pemphigoid, trachoma, or may be idiopathic.
Madarosis
- A loss of lashes, usually due to a congenital condition or an infectious condition.
- Trichotillomania occurs secondary to a compulsive urge to pull out one's own hair and/or eyelashes.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)
- Frothy tear film associated with MGD, also known as posterior blepharitis.
- Caused by a dysfunction of the sebaceous glands.
Symblepharon
- A partial or complete adhesion between the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the globe.
Phthriasis (Crab Lice)
- Measures about 2mm long with a broad, flat body.
- Typically observed on slit lamp exam clinging to the base of the eyelash or buried within the eyelid margin.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
- Ocular involvement may include:
- Conjunctivitis: treated with cool compresses and erythromycin or broad-spectrum antibiotic.
- Corneal pseudodendrites or SPK: lubrication with preservative-free artificial tears and ointment.
- Stromal keratitis: topical steroids starting at QID and slowly tapering over months.
- Uveitis: topical steroid and cycloplegic.
- Neurotrophic keratitis: treated with erythromycin ointment and cultures to rule-out bacterial infection.
- Retinitis/choroiditis/optic neuritis/cranial nerve palsies: IV acyclovir and prednisolone.
- Increased IOP: may be steroid response or secondary to inflammation, treated with topical aqueous suppressants.
- Postherpetic neuralgia: treated with amitriptyline, capsaicin, or oral gabapentin.
Follow-Up
- Patients with ocular involvement: examined every 1-7 days, depending on the severity of the presentation.
- Patients without ocular involvement: followed every 1-4 weeks.
- After the acute episode resolves, checked every 3-6 months.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the condition known as entropion, where the eyelid turns inward towards the eyeball. Participants will learn about its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. Enhance your understanding of this ophthalmic issue.
