Ophthalmology Exam Review Quiz

Ophthalmology Exam Review

• The normal intraocular pressure (IOP) is 10-20 mmHg and the total amount of Aqueous humour in the eye is 0.2-0.5 ml.
• The human eye has about 6 million cones for high threshold vision and about 120 million rods for low threshold vision.
• Aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary body epithelium and drains through the trabecular network, Canal of Schlemm, and episcleral venous system.
• The optic nerve conducts sense of vision from the eye to the visual center.
• Tears drain to the nasal cavity from the nasolacrimal duct through the inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi.
• The components of Aqueous humor include glucose, water, and oxygen, but not red blood cells.
• The middle layer of the eye consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris, but not the channel of Schlemm.
• Atropine causes pupillary dilation and cycloplegia, but does not increase IOP.
• Malate hydrochloride eye drops decrease IOP in glaucoma and are beta 1 receptors.
• Local anesthesia is preferred for pterygium, dacryocystorhinostomy, and strabismus surgery, but not for penetrating eye injury or keratoplasty.
• The common technique of anesthesia for strabismus surgery is regional anesthesia, not TIVA or general anesthesia.
• Keratoplasty is a corneal transplant surgery that can alleviate pain, provide tectonic support, eliminate infection, amplify refractive error, and improve visual acuity.

Ophthalmology Quiz Summary

• The normal intraocular pressure is 10-20 mmHg and the total amount of Aqueous humour in the eye is 0.2-0.5 ml.
• Rods are high threshold receptors for light and there are approximately 120 million in each eye.
• Aqueous humor is secreted from the ciliary body by epithelium and does not contain RBCs.
• The optic nerve conducts the sense of vision from the eye to the visual center.
• Tears drain to the nasal cavity from the nasolacrimal duct via the inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi.
• Ketamine should be avoided during induction of anesthesia in a patient with acute eye trauma.
• Atropine's ocular effects include mydriasis and cycloplegia but do not increase IOP.
• Malate hydrochloride eye drops decrease IOP in glaucoma.
• The middle layer of the eye consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris but not the canal of Schlemm.
• Episcleral venous pressure is not a component of intraocular pressure, which is maintained by the aqueous and vitreous humor.
• Keratoplasty involves replacing the host cornea with a healthy donor cornea to alleviate pain, provide tectonic support, eliminate infection, and improve visual acuity for conditions such as congenital corneal degenerations, corneal scars, and keratoconus.
• Ectropion and entropion are eyelid disorders that cause discomfort, irritation, and lacrimation, but only entropion causes photophobia and epiphora. Cicatricial, congenital, paralytic, and spastic are specific categories of these disorders.