Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of brimonidine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of brimonidine?
- Constrict pupil
- Dilate pupil
- Decrease production of humor and increase outflow (correct)
- Increase production of humor
What is a common complication associated with the use of lantoprost?
What is a common complication associated with the use of lantoprost?
- Stinging discomfort (correct)
- Retinal detachment
- Drowsiness
- Hyperpigmentation of the iris
What therapeutic use does pilocarpine serve?
What therapeutic use does pilocarpine serve?
- Constrict pupils
- Increase production of humor
- Dilate pupils
- Decrease IOP (correct)
What are the potential side effects of phenylephrine?
What are the potential side effects of phenylephrine?
Which drug is contraindicated for use with antihypertensives?
Which drug is contraindicated for use with antihypertensives?
What adverse effect is associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
What adverse effect is associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
What therapeutic indication does brimonidine primarily address?
What therapeutic indication does brimonidine primarily address?
What is the MOA of cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine?
What is the MOA of cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment for glaucoma?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment for glaucoma?
Which class of medication is used to increase humor outflow in patients with glaucoma?
Which class of medication is used to increase humor outflow in patients with glaucoma?
Which of the following medications would be used to treat allergic conjunctivitis?
Which of the following medications would be used to treat allergic conjunctivitis?
What is a potential side effect of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
What is a potential side effect of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
Which medication class is used to manage Meniere's disease symptoms related to nausea?
Which medication class is used to manage Meniere's disease symptoms related to nausea?
Which pharmacological treatment may be prescribed for a patient diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which pharmacological treatment may be prescribed for a patient diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which medication could potentially mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetic patients?
Which medication could potentially mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetic patients?
What is a recommended action if a patient on beta blockers shows bradycardia with a heart rate below 50?
What is a recommended action if a patient on beta blockers shows bradycardia with a heart rate below 50?
Which pharmacological treatment is appropriate for viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes?
Which pharmacological treatment is appropriate for viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes?
Which medication is primarily used to increase humor outflow in glaucoma treatment?
Which medication is primarily used to increase humor outflow in glaucoma treatment?
What is a common side effect of beta blockers when used for treating glaucoma?
What is a common side effect of beta blockers when used for treating glaucoma?
Which class of medication is primarily used to manage fluid pressure in Meniere's disease?
Which class of medication is primarily used to manage fluid pressure in Meniere's disease?
What is the primary purpose of mydriatics used before cataract surgery?
What is the primary purpose of mydriatics used before cataract surgery?
What is a recommended caution for administering beta blockers in patients with diabetes?
What is a recommended caution for administering beta blockers in patients with diabetes?
Which type of medication is commonly prescribed for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
Which type of medication is commonly prescribed for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
What pharmacological treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis is typically administered?
What pharmacological treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis is typically administered?
Which of the following is a common complication associated with brimonidine?
Which of the following is a common complication associated with brimonidine?
What is a potential side effect of using pilocarpine?
What is a potential side effect of using pilocarpine?
Which medication is known to cause increased pigmentation of the iris?
Which medication is known to cause increased pigmentation of the iris?
What is the primary mechanism of action of phenylephrine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of phenylephrine?
Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with atropine?
Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with atropine?
Which class of medications may induce SLUDGE symptoms?
Which class of medications may induce SLUDGE symptoms?
Which drug class does brimonidine belong to for glaucoma treatment?
Which drug class does brimonidine belong to for glaucoma treatment?
What common side effect might be observed with the use of pilocarpine?
What common side effect might be observed with the use of pilocarpine?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment in glaucoma management?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment in glaucoma management?
Which class of medications is typically used to increase humor outflow in eye treatment?
Which class of medications is typically used to increase humor outflow in eye treatment?
What is a noted complication of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers when used in glaucoma treatment?
What is a noted complication of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers when used in glaucoma treatment?
What is a possible complication of using pilocarpine?
What is a possible complication of using pilocarpine?
Which medication type is specifically indicated for the treatment of chlamydia conjunctivitis?
Which medication type is specifically indicated for the treatment of chlamydia conjunctivitis?
What is a common side effect of using brimonidine?
What is a common side effect of using brimonidine?
What medication is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of Meniere’s disease?
What medication is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of Meniere’s disease?
What side effect might a patient experience from using timolol eye drops for glaucoma?
What side effect might a patient experience from using timolol eye drops for glaucoma?
Which medication is contraindicated for use with antihypertensives?
Which medication is contraindicated for use with antihypertensives?
Which of the following best describes the action of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in eye treatment?
Which of the following best describes the action of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in eye treatment?
What effect does phenylephrine have on the pupil?
What effect does phenylephrine have on the pupil?
Which medication is utilized to dilate the pupil prior to cataract surgery?
Which medication is utilized to dilate the pupil prior to cataract surgery?
What serious adverse effect is associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
What serious adverse effect is associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
What is a therapeutic use of lantoprost?
What is a therapeutic use of lantoprost?
What common complication may arise from using lantoprost?
What common complication may arise from using lantoprost?
What mechanism of action characterizes cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine?
What mechanism of action characterizes cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine?
What is a primary therapeutic use of systemic antibiotics in eye disorders?
What is a primary therapeutic use of systemic antibiotics in eye disorders?
Which class of medication is primarily focused on increasing humor outflow in glaucoma treatment?
Which class of medication is primarily focused on increasing humor outflow in glaucoma treatment?
Which potential side effect is associated with the use of beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
Which potential side effect is associated with the use of beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
What is a common side effect associated with the use of anticholinergic medications?
What is a common side effect associated with the use of anticholinergic medications?
Which medication may be used to manage nausea in Meniere’s disease?
Which medication may be used to manage nausea in Meniere’s disease?
What is the main purpose of administering mydriatics before cataract surgery?
What is the main purpose of administering mydriatics before cataract surgery?
Which medication is contraindicated for patients with chronic respiratory disorders?
Which medication is contraindicated for patients with chronic respiratory disorders?
What is the intended effect of antihistamine drops in allergic conjunctivitis?
What is the intended effect of antihistamine drops in allergic conjunctivitis?
What is a significant side effect associated with brimonidine?
What is a significant side effect associated with brimonidine?
Which drug is characterized by increasing the outflow of humor in the treatment of glaucoma?
Which drug is characterized by increasing the outflow of humor in the treatment of glaucoma?
What complication can arise from the use of pilocarpine?
What complication can arise from the use of pilocarpine?
What is the primary purpose of using phenylephrine in eye treatment?
What is the primary purpose of using phenylephrine in eye treatment?
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of atropine?
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of atropine?
What adverse effect is tied to the use of adrenergic agonists like phenylephrine?
What adverse effect is tied to the use of adrenergic agonists like phenylephrine?
Which side effect is commonly observed with the use of lantoprost?
Which side effect is commonly observed with the use of lantoprost?
What is a potential complication associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
What is a potential complication associated with anticholinergics like atropine?
Which medication is likely to be prescribed to patients with allergic conjunctivitis?
Which medication is likely to be prescribed to patients with allergic conjunctivitis?
Which class of medication is primarily used to decrease humor production in the treatment of glaucoma?
Which class of medication is primarily used to decrease humor production in the treatment of glaucoma?
What is the primary therapeutic use of promethazine in Meniere's disease?
What is the primary therapeutic use of promethazine in Meniere's disease?
Which of the following complications is associated with using nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
Which of the following complications is associated with using nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol?
In the treatment of glaucoma, which medication is known for increasing humor outflow?
In the treatment of glaucoma, which medication is known for increasing humor outflow?
Which medication is commonly used as a pre-operative medication for cataract surgery?
Which medication is commonly used as a pre-operative medication for cataract surgery?
What is a possible side effect of loop diuretics when used for Meniere's disease?
What is a possible side effect of loop diuretics when used for Meniere's disease?
What is a significant side effect associated with chronic use of brimonidine?
What is a significant side effect associated with chronic use of brimonidine?
Which medication is known for causing retinal detachment as a complication?
Which medication is known for causing retinal detachment as a complication?
What mechanism of action is shared by lantoprost and pilocarpine?
What mechanism of action is shared by lantoprost and pilocarpine?
What is a common complication of using phenylephrine?
What is a common complication of using phenylephrine?
Which complication is specifically associated with the use of atropine?
Which complication is specifically associated with the use of atropine?
Which side effect is typically observed with the use of lantoprost?
Which side effect is typically observed with the use of lantoprost?
What therapeutic use does phenylephrine primarily serve in eye treatments?
What therapeutic use does phenylephrine primarily serve in eye treatments?
What peripheral epiphenomena may be associated with brimonidine due to sympathetic actions?
What peripheral epiphenomena may be associated with brimonidine due to sympathetic actions?
Which of the following medications is used specifically to treat allergic conjunctivitis?
Which of the following medications is used specifically to treat allergic conjunctivitis?
What pharmacological treatment is typically prescribed for a viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes?
What pharmacological treatment is typically prescribed for a viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes?
Which of the following classes of medication decreases the production of aqueous humor in glaucoma therapy?
Which of the following classes of medication decreases the production of aqueous humor in glaucoma therapy?
Which class of medication is used for managing fluid pressure in Meniere’s disease?
Which class of medication is used for managing fluid pressure in Meniere’s disease?
What is a common side effect of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol when used for glaucoma treatment?
What is a common side effect of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol when used for glaucoma treatment?
What type of medication is primarily used as a pre-operative agent to dilate the pupil before cataract surgery?
What type of medication is primarily used as a pre-operative agent to dilate the pupil before cataract surgery?
Which systemic antibiotic treatment is indicated for chlamydia conjunctivitis?
Which systemic antibiotic treatment is indicated for chlamydia conjunctivitis?
Which side effect is specifically associated with using lantoprost?
Which side effect is specifically associated with using lantoprost?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of brimonidine?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of brimonidine?
What is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic medications like atropine?
What is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic medications like atropine?
Which medication is primarily used to dilate the pupil in eye treatments?
Which medication is primarily used to dilate the pupil in eye treatments?
What is the primary therapeutic use of brimonidine in ophthalmology?
What is the primary therapeutic use of brimonidine in ophthalmology?
What is a characteristic complication of phenylephrine usage?
What is a characteristic complication of phenylephrine usage?
Which of the following best describes a symptom associated with SLUDGE related to cholinergic agonists?
Which of the following best describes a symptom associated with SLUDGE related to cholinergic agonists?
What is a known complication of using brimonidine?
What is a known complication of using brimonidine?
Which side effect is specifically associated with the use of pilocarpine?
Which side effect is specifically associated with the use of pilocarpine?
What is the mechanism of action of lantoprost?
What is the mechanism of action of lantoprost?
Which complication may arise from the use of atropine?
Which complication may arise from the use of atropine?
Which of the following describes the action of phenylephrine?
Which of the following describes the action of phenylephrine?
What significant effect does brimonidine have on intraocular pressure (IOP)?
What significant effect does brimonidine have on intraocular pressure (IOP)?
Which adverse effect is characterized by sweating, agitation, and confusion?
Which adverse effect is characterized by sweating, agitation, and confusion?
What is a contraindication for the use of brimonidine?
What is a contraindication for the use of brimonidine?
Which pharmacological treatment is specifically used for chronic conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia?
Which pharmacological treatment is specifically used for chronic conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia?
What is a primary action of prostaglandin analogs used in glaucoma treatment?
What is a primary action of prostaglandin analogs used in glaucoma treatment?
Which medication category is utilized to mitigate nausea symptoms associated with Meniere’s disease?
Which medication category is utilized to mitigate nausea symptoms associated with Meniere’s disease?
What is a key contraindication for the use of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers in ophthalmic treatment?
What is a key contraindication for the use of nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers in ophthalmic treatment?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment for cataracts prior to surgery?
What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment for cataracts prior to surgery?
Which class of medication is specifically indicated for decreasing fluid pressure in the ear for patients with Meniere's disease?
Which class of medication is specifically indicated for decreasing fluid pressure in the ear for patients with Meniere's disease?
What may be a complication associated with the use of beta-blockers for glaucoma treatment?
What may be a complication associated with the use of beta-blockers for glaucoma treatment?
What therapeutic use does systemic antibiotics serve in ocular conditions?
What therapeutic use does systemic antibiotics serve in ocular conditions?
Flashcards
Conjunctivitis treatment (bacterial)
Conjunctivitis treatment (bacterial)
Antibiotic ointment or drops are used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.
Glaucoma treatment goal
Glaucoma treatment goal
To decrease intraocular pressure (IOP).
Glaucoma treatment (increasing outflow)
Glaucoma treatment (increasing outflow)
Prostaglandin analogs and miotic/cholinergic agents increase fluid outflow from the eye.
Glaucoma treatment (decreasing production)
Glaucoma treatment (decreasing production)
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Beta-blocker eye drops MOA
Beta-blocker eye drops MOA
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Beta-blocker eye drop complication (beta 1)
Beta-blocker eye drop complication (beta 1)
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Meniere's disease treatment (antimetic)
Meniere's disease treatment (antimetic)
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Meniere's disease treatment (diuretic)
Meniere's disease treatment (diuretic)
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Brimonidine MOA
Brimonidine MOA
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Brimonidine Therapeutic Use
Brimonidine Therapeutic Use
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Lantoprost MOA
Lantoprost MOA
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Pilocarpine MOA
Pilocarpine MOA
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Phenylephrine Action
Phenylephrine Action
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Atropine Action
Atropine Action
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Anticholinergic Side Effects
Anticholinergic Side Effects
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Atropine Contraindication
Atropine Contraindication
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Brimonidine (alpha-2 agonist) MOA
Brimonidine (alpha-2 agonist) MOA
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Lantoprost (prostaglandin analog) MOA
Lantoprost (prostaglandin analog) MOA
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Pilocarpine (cholinergic agonist) MOA
Pilocarpine (cholinergic agonist) MOA
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Phenylephrine (alpha-1 agonist) MOA
Phenylephrine (alpha-1 agonist) MOA
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Atropine (anticholinergic) MOA
Atropine (anticholinergic) MOA
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Adverse Effects of Anticholinergics
Adverse Effects of Anticholinergics
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Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
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How do prostaglandin analogs work?
How do prostaglandin analogs work?
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What are beta blockers used for in eye care?
What are beta blockers used for in eye care?
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What are alpha-2 agonists used for in eye care?
What are alpha-2 agonists used for in eye care?
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Meniere's Disease
Meniere's Disease
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How do loop diuretics help with Meniere's?
How do loop diuretics help with Meniere's?
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What are antiemetics used for in Meniere's?
What are antiemetics used for in Meniere's?
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Conjunctivitis types
Conjunctivitis types
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How do beta blockers work in glaucoma?
How do beta blockers work in glaucoma?
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What are alpha-2 agonists used for?
What are alpha-2 agonists used for?
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Meniere's disease treatment goal
Meniere's disease treatment goal
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How do loop diuretics help Meniere's?
How do loop diuretics help Meniere's?
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What are antiemetics used for?
What are antiemetics used for?
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Contraindication for Anticholinergics
Contraindication for Anticholinergics
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Phenylephrine MOA
Phenylephrine MOA
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Atropine MOA
Atropine MOA
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Anticholinergic Adverse Effects
Anticholinergic Adverse Effects
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Conjunctivitis: Allergic
Conjunctivitis: Allergic
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Conjunctivitis: Bacterial
Conjunctivitis: Bacterial
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Glaucoma: Increasing Outflow
Glaucoma: Increasing Outflow
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Prostaglandin Analogs
Prostaglandin Analogs
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Beta Blockers: Eye Drops
Beta Blockers: Eye Drops
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Meniere's Disease Treatment
Meniere's Disease Treatment
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Loop Diuretics: Meniere's
Loop Diuretics: Meniere's
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What is SLUDGE?
What is SLUDGE?
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Types of Conjunctivitis
Types of Conjunctivitis
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Glaucoma Medications: Increasing Outflow
Glaucoma Medications: Increasing Outflow
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Glaucoma Medications: Decreasing Production
Glaucoma Medications: Decreasing Production
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Meniere's Treatment: Antiemetics
Meniere's Treatment: Antiemetics
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Meniere's Treatment: Loop Diuretics
Meniere's Treatment: Loop Diuretics
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Decrease IOP
Decrease IOP
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Glaucoma: Outflow Increase
Glaucoma: Outflow Increase
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Glaucoma: Production Reduction
Glaucoma: Production Reduction
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Brimonidine (Alpha 2 Agonist) Action
Brimonidine (Alpha 2 Agonist) Action
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Pilocarpine (Cholinergic) Action
Pilocarpine (Cholinergic) Action
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Phenylephrine (Alpha 1 Agonist) Action
Phenylephrine (Alpha 1 Agonist) Action
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Atropine (Anticholinergic) Action
Atropine (Anticholinergic) Action
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Glaucoma: Decreasing Production
Glaucoma: Decreasing Production
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Timolol (Beta Blocker) MOA
Timolol (Beta Blocker) MOA
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Beta Blockers for Glaucoma
Beta Blockers for Glaucoma
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Brimonidine (Alpha-2 Agonist)
Brimonidine (Alpha-2 Agonist)
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Pilocarpine (Cholinergic Agonist)
Pilocarpine (Cholinergic Agonist)
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Anticholinergics and Glaucoma
Anticholinergics and Glaucoma
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Study Notes
Conjunctivitis Pharmacology
- Allergic: Topical steroids, antihistamine drops.
- Bacterial: Antibiotic ointments or drops.
- Viral: Antivirals (if caused by Herpes or Varicella).
- Chlamydia: Systemic antibiotics (for 1 month).
Glaucoma Pharmacology
- Goal: Decrease intraocular pressure.
- Increase humor outflow: Prostaglandin analogs, miotic or cholinergic agents.
- Decrease humor production: Beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists.
Cataracts Pharmacology
- Stool softeners.
- Pre-op medications.
- Mydriatics (alpha-1 adrenergic agonists).
Meniere's Disease
- Anticholinergics:
- Pharmacology: Antiemetics (promethazine, scopolamine), loop diuretics.
- Mechanism of action: Increase urine output, decrease fluid pressure in the ear.
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Eye Drops)
- Mechanism of Action (MOA): Decrease aqueous humor production, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP).
- Therapeutic Use: Glaucoma.
- Side Effects/Complications: Stinging, bradycardia (if heart rate below 50), hypoglycemia masking, decreased cardiac output, orthostatic hypotension, bronchoconstriction.
- Contraindications: Chronic respiratory disorders.
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists (Eye Drops)
- MOA: Decrease humor production and increase outflow to decrease IOP.
- Therapeutic Use: Glaucoma.
Prostaglandin Analogs (Eye Drops)
- MOA: Increase outflow of humor to decrease IOP.
- Therapeutic Use: Glaucoma.
- Side Effects/Complications: Stinging, burning, reddened conjunctiva, blurred vision, increased pigmentation (brown of the iris).
Cholinergic Agonists (Eye Drops)
- MOA: Increase outflow of humor to decrease IOP.
- Therapeutic Use: Glaucoma.
- Side Effects/Complications: Retinal detachment, blurred vision, SLUDGE and Killer Bs (parasympathetic symptoms), antidote is atropine (sympathetic).
Adrenergic Agonists (Alpha-1) (Eye Drops)
- MOA: Dilates pupils.
- Complications: Cardiovascular (vasoconstriction, hypertension), sweating, tremor, agitation, confusion.
Anticholinergics (Eye Drops)
- MOA: Constrict pupil (prevents accommodation), blocks acetylcholine.
- Side Effects/Complications: Blurred vision, photophobia.
Adverse Effects
- Anticholinergic: Dry saliva and respiratory secretions.
- Glaucoma.
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