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Questions and Answers
Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from?
Which nucleus receives proprioception from muscles of mastication & periodontium?
Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries afferents for sensation?
Where are the cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar first sensory neurons located?
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Where does the trigeminal ganglion (Gasserian) lie?
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Which area does the trigeminal nerve's general sensory afferents cover?
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To which area do the central branches of the trigeminal nerve's general sensory afferents attach?
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What does the trigeminal ganglion receive fibers from?
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Where is the trigeminal ganglion located within?
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Which nerve innervates the inferior part of the eyelid and the skin of the medial side of the nose?
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Which branch gives a communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion and distributes along the eyeball, sending sensory fibers to the meninges, nasal cavity, and eyelid?
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From which nerve do the Meningeal and Zygomatic Branches originate, serving the nose, palate, and pharynx without synapsing?
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What gives meningeal twigs to the tentorium cerebelli and floor of the middle cranial fossa?
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Which cranial nerve supplies sensory information to the cornea, conjunctiva, and skin of the nose?
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Which cranial nerve supplies the dura mater in the middle cranial fossa? شوفي
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From which ganglion do the Orbital and Nasopalatine Branches originate?
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What is responsible for general sensory afferents from the face and motor functions?
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What is responsible for receiving a communicating branch from the Nasociliary Nerve, carrying postganglionic parasympathetic fibers coming from the Supraorbital Ganglion?
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Which branch innervates the nose, palate, and pharynx without synapsing?
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Which nerve originates post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that join the Lacrimal Nerve via the Zygomaticotemporal Nerve?
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Which nerve supplies the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles?
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Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the cheek?
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From which trunk does the nerve to mylohyoid originate?
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Which nerve communicates with the facial nerve and sends filaments to the parotid gland for postganglionic parasympathetic secretion?
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Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth?
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Which nerve pierces the sphenomandibular ligament and innervates the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric?
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Which nerve carries both sensory and motor fibers and runs in the infratemporal fossa?
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Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which nerve sends filaments from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland for postganglionic parasympathetic secretion?
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Which nerve provides bilateral innervation to the central incisors?
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Which nerve enters the deep surface of the temporalis muscle?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensory afferents to the face and motor functions to the muscles of mastication?
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Which nerve provides innervation to the lacrimal gland and the upper teeth, including the molar, premolar, and incisor teeth, as well as the corresponding gingiva and cheek?
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In cases where the middle superior alveolar nerve is absent, what other nerve innervates the premolars?
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Which nerve descends through the greater palatine canal and innervates the hard palate and palatal gingiva?
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Which nerve enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen and innervates the mucosa of the anterior part of the hard palate and palatal gingiva near the canine teeth?
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Which nerve emerges on the face through the infraorbital foramen for sensory innervation to the skin of the eyelid, nose, cheek, and upper lip?
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Which nerve supplies the premolars by branching off the infraorbital nerve in the infraorbital canal?
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Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation to the skin over the mandible, teeth and gingiva of the mandible, lower lip, fleshy part of the cheek, part of the auricle, and part of the temple?
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Study Notes
- Trigeminal Nerve is the fifth cranial nerve, responsible for general sensory afferents to the face and motor functions to the muscles of mastication
- Superior Alveolar Nerve is a branch of the Trigeminal Nerve that provides innervation to the lacrimal gland and the upper teeth, including the molar, premolar, and incisor teeth, as well as the corresponding gingiva and cheek
- The nerve branches off the main trunk of the maxillary nerve just before it enters the infraorbital groove or canal
- It descends on the maxillary tuberosity and enters the post. alveolar canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla
- It communicates with the middle superior alveolar nerve and gives branches to the mucosa of the maxillary sinus molars and the corresponding gingiva
- The nerve passes through the canaliculi in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus in 62% of cases or under the mucous membrane of the sinus in 38% cases
- In cases where the middle superior alveolar nerve is absent, the premolars are also innervated by the posterior superior alveolar nerve
- The nerve gives rise to 4 groups of terminal branches on reaching the molar teeth: dental branches, alveolar branches, mucous branches, and bone branches
- Infraorbital Canal is a nerve canal that carries the infraorbital nerve and its branches, including the middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves
- The middle superior alveolar nerve branches off the infraorbital nerve in the infraorbital canal and runs in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, supplying the premolars
- The anterior superior alveolar nerve leaves the infraorbital nerve in the orbital groove and enters the ant. wall of the maxillary sinus, dividing into branches that supply the incisors and canine teeth
- The superior dental plexus arises from the plexus of the branches of the middle alveolar and anterior superior alveolar nerves in the maxillary alveolar process
- Nasal branches arise from this plexus and pass through a small canal in the lateral wall of the inferior meatus of the nose, supplying the mucous membrane of the anterior area of the lateral wall and floor of the nasal cavity
- The Maxillary Nerve, CN V2, gives rise to several branches that originate from the pterygopalatine ganglion, including the greater and lesser palatine nerves and the nasopalatine nerve
- The greater palatine nerve descends through the greater palatine canal and the greater palatine foramen, innervating the hard palate and palatal gingiva
- The lesser palatine nerve descends through the lesser palatine foramen and innervates the uvula, tonsil, and soft palate, anastomosing with the glossopharyngeal nerve to form a tonsillar plexus around the palatine tonsil
- The nasopalatine nerve is the largest of the nasal branches, entering the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen, reaching the nasal septum, and exiting the nasal cavity through the incisive foramen to innervate the mucosa of the anterior part of the hard palate and palatal gingiva near the canine teeth
- The nasopalatine nerve may also communicate with the branches of the greater palatine nerve and innervate the incisor teeth, making the nasopalatine nerve block necessary to complete the anaesthesia of the central incisor
- The Maxillary Nerve also gives rise to branches that emerge on the face through the infraorbital foramen, including the inferior palpebral, the external nasal, the internal nasal, and the superior labial branches for the sensory innervation to the skin of the eyelid, nose, cheek, and upper lip
- The Mandibular Nerve, CN V3, is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and is responsible for the sensory innervation to the skin over the mandible, teeth and gingiva of the mandible, lower lip, fleshy part of the cheek, part of the auricle, the external meatus and auricle, tympanic membrane, part of the temple, and the mucosa of the presulcal part of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity
- The nerve also has a small motor root and a larger sensory root, with components for sensory and branchial motor functions
- The nerve exits the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale and courses through the infratemporal fossa
- The nerve passes between the tensor veli palatini and lateral pterygoid muscles and gives off a meningeal branch and a nerve to the medial pterygoid
- The nerve divides into small anterior and large posterior trunks, with the anterior trunk branching to the 4 main muscles of mastication and the buccal branch, and the posterior trunk branching to 3 sensory branches and a motor branch to the auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, and motor to the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the ophthalmic nerve, including its course, branches, and associated functions.
