Anatomy Lab 19: Nervous System (Brain & Cranial Nerves)
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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

  • Olfactory nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (correct)
  • Trigeminal nerve
  • Optic nerve

    • Which cranial nerve is involved in the production of tears and saliva?

  • Facial nerve (correct)
  • Accessory nerve
  • Vagus nerve
  • Trochlear nerve

    • Which cranial nerve is related to balance and equilibrium?

  • Vestibulocochlear nerve (correct)
  • Trigeminal nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Abducens nerve

    • What part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is connected to taste in the epiglottis and monitors O2/CO2 levels?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres for communication?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in sensory perception and integration?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (CN V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure plays a role in motor coordination and balance?

    <p>Cerebral peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the insular lobe (insula) located within the brain?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>CN I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the brain is known as the 'corpora quadrigemina'?

    <p>Midbrain tectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the movements of the lateral rectus muscle in the eye?

    <p>CN VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle in the brain is located between the pons and the cerebellum?

    <p>4th ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is often remembered using the mnemonic 'Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables And Herbs'?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve that the mnemonic 'On On On They Travelled And Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most' refers to?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the mnemonics, which cranial nerve is remembered with the phrase 'Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most'?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is recalled using the mnemonic 'Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables And Herbs'?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mnemonics provided, which cranial nerve is associated with the phrase 'They Travelled Along The Finding Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes'?

    <p>Abducens nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve mnemonic includes the phrase 'To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables And Herbs'?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

    <p>Sensory for taste and motor related to swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is known as 'the wanderer' and innervates the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic/abdominal viscera?

    <p>Vagus nerve (X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for consciousness, arousal, attention, and filtering sensory information except smell?

    <p>Reticular Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum in the brain?

    <p>Transverse fissure with tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Cerebellum in motor control?

    <p>Coordinates and fine tunes motor output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum to the red nucleus and thalamus?

    <p>Superior cerebellar peduncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ascending part of the Reticular Activating System primarily involve?

    <p>Arousal and consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is NOT associated with the Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

    <p>Motor control of facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain is known as 'the wanderer' because it innervates multiple organs including the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic/abdominal viscera?

    <p>Vagus nerve (X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region plays a key role in regulating consciousness, arousal, and sensory processing except for smell signals?

    <p>Reticular Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling tongue movement for speech and swallowing?

    <p>Hypoglossal (XII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Vagus (X) nerve?

    <p>Regulates blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Reticular Activating System in the brain?

    <p>Involves consciousness, arousal, and attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is known for its role in fine-tuning motor output and coordinating motor plans?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle?

    <p>Connects vestibular nuclei to spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cerebellum connects it to the brainstem for sensory and motor functions?

    <p>Cerebellar Peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve in regulating physiological functions?

    <p>Monitors blood pressure and blood gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ascending part of the Reticular Activating System primarily involve?

    <p>Sends axons to cortex for consciousness and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main anatomical feature that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum in the brain?

    <p>Tentorium Cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    External Brain Structures

    • Cerebrum:
      • Divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
      • Longitudinal fissure separates the two hemispheres
      • Sulci and gyri are folds on the brain's surface
      • Gyri: general term for folds on the brain's surface
      • Sulci: specific folds on the brain's surface (e.g. central sulcus, lateral sulcus)
      • Olfactory bulb and tract
    • Cerebellum:
      • Located at the base of the brain
      • Divided into two hemispheres
      • Arbor vitae: white matter in the cerebellum
      • Cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

    Internal Brain Structures

    • Cerebrum:
      • Insular lobe
      • Corpus callosum
      • Four ventricles: two lateral, third, and fourth
      • Interventricular foramen connects the lateral ventricles
      • Cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles
    • Brainstem:
      • Divided into three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
      • Midbrain:
        • Cerebral peduncles
        • Tectum
        • Cerebral aqueduct
      • Pons:
        • Bridge-like structure
        • Pontine respiratory group
        • Cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII
      • Medulla oblongata:
        • Anterior: pyramids and olives
        • Posterior: medial lemniscus
        • Cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII
    • Cerebellum:
      • Vermis: center of the cerebellum
      • Hemispheres: divided into left and right
      • Cerebellar nuclei: regulate motor activity

    Cranial Nerves

    • 12 pairs of cranial nerves
    • Cranial nerves:
      • I: Olfactory
      • II: Optic
      • III: Oculomotor
      • IV: Trochlear
      • V: Trigeminal
      • VI: Abducens
      • VII: Facial
      • VIII: Vestibulocochlear
      • IX: Glossopharyngeal
      • X: Vagus
      • XI: Accessory
      • XII: Hypoglossal
    • Functions:
      • Sensory
      • Motor
      • Both (sensory and motor)

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • Produced in the ventricles
    • Circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid space
    • Absorbed into the bloodstream
    • Functions:
      • Mechanical protection
      • Chemical protection
      • Circulation of nutrients and waste

    Meninges

    • Three layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
    • Dura mater:
      • Outermost layer
      • Thick and fibrous
    • Arachnoid mater:
      • Middle layer
      • Web-like structure
    • Pia mater:
      • Innermost layer
      • Thin and vascularized

    Blood Flow and Blood-Brain Barrier

    • Blood flow:
      • Oxygen and glucose supply
      • Waste removal
    • Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB):
      • Tight junctions between endothelial cells
      • Selectively permeable
      • Regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the brain

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    Related Documents

    Anatomy Lab 19: Nervous System (Brain & Cranial Nerves) PDF
    Chapter 18 - Brain & CNS PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the human brain and cranial nerves focusing on the cerebrum, gyri, sulci, fissures, and specific structures like the olfactory bulb and optic nerve. Identify external brain structures and their functions.

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