Operator Overloading in C++

Study Notes

Operators can be overloaded to perform specific operations on custom classes rather than built-in types.
Commonly overloaded operators include +, -, *, /, % for arithmetic operations.
Overloaded operators are defined as functions with the operator keyword followed by the operator symbol.
Example: operator+ for overloading the addition operator.

Define a function with the operator keyword, followed by the operator symbol.
The function name is operator+, operator-, etc. for arithmetic or other operators.
The function's parameters match the operands.

This Arithmetic class demonstrates operator overloading for a custom data type.
Instance variables (num) store integer values.
Arithmetic operators (+, -, etc.) are overloaded as member functions inside the class.
The function definition takes an Arithmetic object (b) as a parameter to perform required operation on that operand.
The main() function creates Arithmetic objects and uses the overloaded operators.
These arithmetic operators are used in main to add, subtract, multiply, divide, modulo, and increment variables and print the results.

This class defines locations with longitude and latitude.
Operator overloading allows the + operator to add locations.
Operators are overloaded as member functions or as stand-alone friend functions.
Friend functions have access to private members for complex operations.
The main() function demonstrates how to define location objects, use the + operator, and prints coordinates.

This Binary_Arithmetic class handles binary numbers.
Includes conversion between binary and decimal numbers.
Operator functions for arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %) are included alongside arithmetic operators in order to perform arithmetic computations.
The main function demonstrates how to create Binary_Arithmetic objects and perform calculations.

Some operators cannot be overloaded (like ::, ?:, sizeof, .).
Operator precedence cannot be changed through overloading.
The number of operands for an operator cannot be adjusted.
Overloading changes how an operator operates on custom objects, not basic types.

Operator functions can be either member functions or friend functions of a class.
Member functions use this implicitly, passing the object itself.
Non-member functions (friend functions) must take the class objects as parameters explicitly.
The choice affects which operator operand is handled by whom.