Operations Management Chapter 6: Statistical Process Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a control chart in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

  • To compute process capability and CpK
  • To monitor standards by taking measurements and corrective action as a product or service is being produced (correct)
  • To illustrate the central limit theorem in SPC
  • To explain acceptance sampling

    • What is the role of the central limit theorem in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

  • Providing a statistical signal when assignable causes of variation are present
  • Ensuring that processes meet standards
  • Building x -charts and R-charts (correct)
  • Explaining process capability and computing Cp and CpK

    • Which step is involved in building control charts in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

  • Explaining acceptance sampling
  • Listing the five steps involved in building control charts (correct)
  • Explaining process capability and computing Cp and CpK
  • Monitoring standards by taking measurements and corrective action

    • What is the main objective of a process control system in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>To ensure that processes meet standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Statistical Process Control (SPC) use to provide a statistical signal when assignable causes of variation are present?

    <p>Control charts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acceptance sampling refer to in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>Ensuring that processes meet standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of statistical process control (SPC)?

    <p>To quicken appropriate actions to eliminate assignable causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for natural variations in a process?

    <p>Common causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of discovering assignable causes in a process?

    <p>To eliminate the bad causes and incorporate the good causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control charts?

    <p>To distinguish between natural variations and variations due to assignable causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of characteristics do X and R-charts track in statistical process control?

    <p>Continuous random variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of variations can be traced to a specific reason in a process?

    <p>Special causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do control charts constructed from historical data help with?

    <p>Distinguishing between natural variations and variations due to assignable causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when the distribution of outputs falls within acceptable limits in a process?

    <p>The process is said to be 'in control'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Samples' are used to measure the process, and the sample statistics are analyzed following which steps?

    <p>'Samples' are used and their statistics are analyzed following a specific set of steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Variability is inherent in every process' refers to what type of variations?

    <p>'Variability' refers to both common and special causes of variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>To identify and eliminate natural variations in a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of a process control system in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>To monitor standards by taking measurements and corrective action during production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the central limit theorem contribute to in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>It assists in building x -charts and R-charts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do control charts constructed from historical data help with in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>Determining if a process meets standards by monitoring natural variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acceptance sampling refer to in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>Randomly selecting products for quality assurance purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building p-charts and c-charts in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?

    <p>To monitor the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variations are also called common causes and affect virtually all production processes?

    <p>Natural variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of characteristics do X and R-charts track in statistical process control?

    <p>Continuous random variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of discovering assignable causes in a process?

    <p>To quicken appropriate actions to eliminate assignable causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when the distribution of outputs falls within acceptable limits in a process?

    <p>The process is said to be 'in control'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control charts constructed from historical data?

    <p>To help distinguish between natural variations and variations due to assignable causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Samples' are used to measure the process, and the sample statistics are analyzed following which steps?

    <p>The steps detailed in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Variability is inherent in every process' refers to what type of variations?

    <p>Natural variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Variability is inherent in every process' refers to the presence of:

    <p>'Natural Variations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Purpose of Control Charts

    • Control charts monitor process behavior over time, highlighting variations and maintaining process stability.
    • They signal when assignable causes of variation occur, prompting investigation and corrective action.

    Central Limit Theorem (CLT) Role

    • CLT indicates that, regardless of the original distribution, the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution as sample size increases.
    • This theorem underlies the statistical reasoning in SPC, enabling the use of control limits based on sample means.

    Steps in Building Control Charts

    • Identify key characteristics to measure and collect historical data.
    • Analyze data to establish control limits and determine the process's normal operational range.

    Objectives of a Process Control System

    • Aim to maintain process consistency, enhance product quality, and reduce variability.
    • Help identify and mitigate sources of process variation.

    Statistical Signals in SPC

    • Statistical signals arise from deviations outside specified control limits, indicating potential assignable causes of variation.

    Acceptance Sampling

    • A technique used to make decisions about a batch of products based on the inspection of a subset of items.
    • Utilizes statistical methods to determine if a lot meets quality standards.

    Overall Purpose of Statistical Process Control (SPC)

    • SPC aims to improve and maintain the quality of processes and outputs by managing variability.
    • Employs statistical tools for monitoring, controlling, and making decisions about processes.

    Natural Variations

    • Also referred to as common cause variations, these are inherent in processes and affect overall quality.

    Discovering Assignable Causes

    • The objective is to identify specific factors causing significant changes in process variability, enabling effective corrective measures.

    Type of Characteristics Tracked by X and R-charts

    • X-charts monitor the mean of the process outputs.
    • R-charts track the range of variability within the process.

    Specific Variations Explained

    • Special cause variations can be traced to identifiable reasons, leading to abrupt changes in process performance.

    Historical Data in Control Charts

    • Control charts constructed from historical data assist in setting control limits and understanding process behavior over time.

    Acceptable Limits Implications

    • When the distribution of outputs falls within acceptable control limits, it indicates stable and predictable process performance.

    Sample Measurement and Analysis

    • Involves collecting samples, calculating sample statistics, and interpreting these following planned statistical methods.

    Inherent Process Variability

    • Refers to natural variations, which are expected and predictable fluctuations in a process.

    Key Terms in Statistical Process Control

    • Common causes of variation affect virtually all production processes and do not signify specific faults.
    • P-charts and C-charts are specific control charts used for monitoring proportion defects and count data respectively.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Statistical Process Control (SPC), process capability, and acceptance sampling as outlined in the fourteenth edition of Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. Learn about the purpose of control charts and the role of statistical process control in managing processes.

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