Ch. 6 Operations During Armed Conflict

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following tactics does Russia utilize in its military operations?

  • Psychological operations (correct)
  • Social media campaigns
  • Peace treaties
  • Humanitarian aid

Russian forces prioritize engaging in direct combat before employing other elements of national power.

False (B)

What is the basic principle of Russian military actions?

To create the conditions for military success through strike actions.

Russia employs __________ and deception (maskirovka) to mask the true intent of their operations.

<p>denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions related to Chinese military strategy:

<p>Comprehensive national power = Combination of hard and soft power Deception = Manipulating perceptions of strength or intentions Three Warfares = Psychological, media, and legal warfare tactics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary approach does Russia take against lesser opponents in conflicts?

<p>Deep maneuver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Russian tactical-level units operate independently without the use of combined arms forces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three aspects of conflict in China's view?

<p>Comprehensive national power, deception, and the Three Warfares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of mutual support between units?

<p>Flexibility and options for commanders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supporting distance is not affected by terrain and enemy situation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must units do to exploit mutual support effectively?

<p>Synchronize maneuver and fires more effectively than enemy forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Units are not within supporting distance if they cannot __________.

<p>communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a combat situation, what allows units to support each other effectively?

<p>Sharing a common operational picture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A combat aviation brigade may operate in __________ distance to aid an infantry brigade.

<p>supporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following units with their capabilities:

<p>Infantry Units = Enable armored formations in restrictive terrain Combat Aviation Brigade = Aids isolated infantry brigades Units in supporting distance = Can communicate and coordinate actions Conventional and Special Operations Forces = Require integration and synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Large-scale operations do not require synchronization of conventional and special operations forces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an asset required for consolidating gains?

<p>Naval forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consolidating gains requires minimal coordination with unified action partners.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of operations are conducted to defeat enemy remnants and control key terrain?

<p>Area security</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forces execute ________ operations to provide essential government services and humanitarian relief.

<p>stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation focuses on preventing physical disruption from external threats?

<p>Defensive operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operations with their primary objectives:

<p>Offensive operations = Complete the defeat of fixed enemy forces Area security = Control key terrain and populations Stability operations = Ensure provision of governmental services Defensive operations = Prevent disruption from external threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detainee operations are only relevant before a conflict begins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key consideration when planning to consolidate gains at the operational level?

<p>Operational risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of task-organizing according to the principles outlined?

<p>To design a force suitable for a specific task or mission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-organizing can be seen as a one-time process that does not require adjustments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two considerations when task-organizing a force?

<p>Mission and unit capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-organizing ensures a formation's ability to retain _____ to meet unforeseen events.

<p>flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective task organization?

<p>Ensures the availability of unlimited resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command and support relationships established by task organization hinder unity of command.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way task-organizing increases the agility of formations?

<p>By allowing commanders to configure their units to best use available resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of brigade combat teams (BCTs) during large-scale combat operations?

<p>Defeating enemy maneuver formations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of task organization with their descriptions:

<p>Facilitates commander’s intent = Helps ensure alignment with operational goals Retains flexibility = Enables adaptation to changes Allocates resources = Distributes assets effectively Weights the main effort = Focuses resources on critical tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Divisions provide time and protection for subordinate formations by strengthening the cohesion of enemy forces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do divisions play in supporting brigade combat teams (BCTs)?

<p>Divisions provide time and protection and conduct operations against enemy maneuver forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corps regularly require divisions to attack priority enemy capabilities that are in the division's assigned _____ or area of influence.

<p>area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following military roles with their primary responsibilities:

<p>BCTs = Defeating enemy maneuver formations Divisions = Providing support to subordinate formations Corps = Attacking enemy systems and disrupting movement Land component command = Ensuring tactical actions have desired effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how corps set conditions for their operations?

<p>Through employing joint capabilities like space and cyberspace effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Land component command assessments are designed to ensure that command narratives match the tactical situation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of employing attack aviation and close air support in a division's operations?

<p>To enable their operations and sustain operational tempo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of failing to consolidate gains?

<p>Loss of initiative to enemy forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consolidating gains is an economy of force effort and is not critical to long-term success.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must army forces rely on when host-nation forces are not available for consolidating gains?

<p>Their own resources and capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enemy forces will continue to challenge Army gains in order to gain time for a favorable ___.

<p>political settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes defeat mechanisms?

<p>Broad means to plan the defeat of enemy forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consolidating gains requires minimal commitment of combat power.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When consolidating gains during large-scale combat operations, corps should plan for a ___ to conduct operations.

<p>division</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the challenges that enemy forces present with their descriptions:

<p>Information warfare = Manipulation of information to disrupt morale Cultural seams = Exploit divisions among different cultural groups Religious divides = Encouraging conflict based on religious differences Competing for resources = Creating scarcity to incite competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Russian Military Tactics

Utilization of offensive and defensive strategies involving crime and terrorism to influence populations.

Psychological Operations

Actions designed to influence perceptions and behavior of target populations.

Combined Arms Forces

Units that integrate different military branches to enhance combat effectiveness.

Deep Maneuver

Tactic used to defeat an enemy’s will by rapidly striking behind their lines.

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Denial and Deception (Maskirovka)

Russian strategy to conceal true military intentions from adversaries.

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Comprehensive National Power

Balance of hard (military) and soft (diplomacy) power in state conflict strategy.

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Three Warfares

Chinese strategy encompassing media, psychological, and legal warfare.

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Operational Environment

The surrounding conditions affecting military operations, including social, economic, and political factors.

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Echelons

Levels of command in a military structure, responsible for various aspects of operations.

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Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs)

Unit containing multiple battalions, designed for decisive combat operations.

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Divisions

Large military units composed of several brigades, tasked with coordinating complex operations.

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Corps

A military formation comprising multiple divisions, overseeing extensive operations.

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Integrated Air Defense Systems

Systems combining various air defense assets to protect against aerial threats.

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Operational Reach

The distance and duration across which a unit can successfully project forces.

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Joint Capabilities

Integration of multiple military branches' resources to enhance operational effectiveness.

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Unified Action Partners

Allied forces and organizations working together towards a common objective.

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Higher Headquarters Support

Higher headquarters provide active support to subordinate formations, enhancing their capabilities in combat.

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Subordinate Formation Roles

Subordinate formations must not fail due to narrow focus; support is key to success.

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Task-Organizing

Task-organizing involves structuring forces to meet specific tasks or missions effectively.

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Considerations for Task-Organizing

Key factors include mission, training, experience, capabilities, environment, and enemy threat.

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Continuous Task-Organization

Task-organization can be ongoing, adapting units for changing missions.

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Unity of Command

Task organization ensures unified command and coordination of efforts among units.

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Flexibility in Task Organization

An effective task organization retains flexibility to handle unexpected events and future ops.

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Resource Allocation

Effective task organization allocates resources with minimal restrictions for optimal use.

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Consolidating Gains

The process of ensuring military achievements are maintained and developed after initial victories.

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Resources for Consolidation

Various assets required for effective consolidation, including troops and support units.

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Area Security

Operations to defend specific areas, control populations, and secure vital infrastructure.

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Offensive Operations

Actions taken to defeat remaining enemy forces and secure dominance.

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Stability Operations

Tasks to maintain order, provide governmental services, and assist in reconstruction.

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Detainee Operations

Management of captured enemy personnel during and after combat operations.

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Influencing Audiences

Communicating messages to local populations to support military operations.

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Operational Risk Assessment

Evaluating potential risks while planning military operations.

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Initiative

The ability to maintain the offensive in a conflict, preventing the enemy from recovering.

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Combat Power Commitment

The required use of military resources to maintain pressure and secure achievements.

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Host-Nation Forces

Local military units that assist in operations and help connect with local populations.

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Defeat Mechanisms

Tools and strategies commanders use to overcome enemy forces effectively.

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Information Warfare

Strategies used to manipulate information and public perception to disadvantage the enemy.

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Protracted Resistance

A long-term opposition strategy employed by enemies post-defeat to regain power.

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Mutual Support

The ability of units to assist each other during operations, enhancing flexibility and options.

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Task-Organizing Forces

The process of arranging military units to maximize effectiveness for a mission.

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Supporting Range

The effective distance at which military units can provide support to one another.

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Combat Aviation Brigade

A military unit composed of helicopters and personnel providing air support to ground forces.

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Common Operational Picture (COP)

Shared understanding among units of the operational environment and enemy forces.

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Synchronized Maneuver

Coordinated movement of units to optimize combat effectiveness against the enemy.

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Indirect Fires

Artillery or air strikes that target enemy forces without direct line of sight.

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Conventional vs. Special Operations

Different types of military operations; conventional involves large units, while special focuses on smaller, highly trained teams.

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Study Notes

Operations During Armed Conflict

  • Armed conflict involves opponents using lethal force to achieve objectives and impose their will
  • Lethality's primary impact is reducing the enemy's ability to fight
  • Operations during armed conflict often combine conventional and irregular warfare approaches
  • Initial large-scale combat operations frequently overlap with actions from competition and crisis
  • Large-scale combat operations are extensive joint operations involving significant force commitment
  • Large-scale combat typically entails high tempo, resources, casualty rates, complexity, and speed
  • Large-scale combat operations usually occur in situations like state-on-state conflict
  • Proximity of conventional, irregular, and special operations forces requires cooperation
  • Successful large-scale operations defeat enemy forces and establish control over land
  • Operations may quickly overwhelm weaker enemies to consolidate gains

Enemy Approaches to Armed Conflict

  • Peer enemies may engage in armed conflict if the rewards outweigh the risk
  • Peer enemies use diverse methods to render U.S. military power irrelevant and inflict significant losses
  • Russia views modern conflict as characterized by a destructive initial phase
  • Russia considers non-nuclear weapons as having strategic effects comparable to nuclear weapons
  • During armed conflict, Russia presses on all domains imposing costs for political and economic unsupportability and visibly embarrassing losses for U.S. forces
  • Russia targets the will, or intent, of continual U.S. conflict
  • Russia focuses on disrupting the ability for the U.S. forces to operate properly by preventing their entrance or having constraints to limit success of U.S. campaigns
  • Russia disrupts or prevents understanding of the operational environment
  • Russia targets stability in key areas and among key groups
  • Russia isolates U.S. partnerships
  • Russia uses non-lethal means initially, and transitioning if needed to lethal measures, to undermine entrance into regions
  • China considers comprehensive national power, deception, and the Three Warfares in conflict
  • Hard power includes: military and defense industry capability, intelligence, and diplomacy
  • Soft power includes: economic, diplomatic, global image, and international prestige

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