Operation Desert Storm: US Navy's Role
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary role of the U.S. Navy immediately following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait?

  • To initiate ground offensives in Kuwait.
  • To provide humanitarian aid to Kuwaiti citizens.
  • To negotiate with Saddam Hussein for a peaceful resolution.
  • To establish sea control and maritime superiority. (correct)

Which of the following actions was taken immediately by the United Nations in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait?

  • Deployment of peacekeeping forces to the Kuwait-Iraq border.
  • Imposition of economic sanctions against Iraq. (correct)
  • Issuance of a formal condemnation without further action.
  • Mediation efforts between the United States and Iraq.

What was the strategic significance of the U.S. Navy deploying ships to the Gulf of Oman and the Red Sea during Operation Desert Shield?

  • To enforce a no-fly zone over Iraqi airspace.
  • To establish positions for potential sustained combat operations. (correct)
  • To provide a safe passage for civilian ships leaving Kuwait.
  • To conduct joint training exercises with regional allies.

How did the U.S. Navy contribute to 'softening' the battlefield prior to the ground invasion of Kuwait?

<p>By launching Tomahawk cruise missiles against military targets in Iraq. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how long did the ground war phase of Operation Desert Storm last?

<p>100 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the rapid collapse of the Iraqi army during the ground war?

<p>The cumulative effects of the air campaign and economic embargo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from active-duty personnel, which group played a significant support role in Desert Shield/Desert Storm?

<p>Naval reservists called to active duty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What logistical advantage did U.S. Marines have upon arrival in Saudi Arabia during Desert Shield?

<p>Access to pre-positioned supplies and equipment due to existing ties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of missile is referenced as being fired from the USS Pittsburgh?

<p>TLAM (Tomahawk Land Attack Missile) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The USS Wisconsin (BB-64) is equipped with what main gun caliber?

<p>16/50 guns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of aircraft is depicted landing at an airfield in Hurghada, Egypt, following Operation Desert Storm?

<p>CH-53E Super Stallion helicopter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Operation Desert Storm, the USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) was stationed at which port?

<p>Bahrain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battleship is pictured at anchor in the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm?

<p>USS Missouri (BB-63) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental hazard are the Navy corpsmen treating a Marine gunnery sergeant for during Operation Desert Storm?

<p>Effects of smoke produced by burning Kuwaiti oil fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Operation Desert Storm primarily take place, according to the images?

<p>1991 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) during Operation Desert Storm?

<p>Medical and hospital support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resources would provide information about the financial aspects of Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm?

<p>Operation Desert Shield/Storm Costs and Funding Requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone wanted to understand the U.S. Navy's broader historical involvement in the region where Operation Desert Shield/Storm took place, which resource would be most helpful?

<p>United States Navy and the Persian Gulf (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely subject of H-Gram 055-2?

<p>Operation Desert Shield: Part Four, November 1990 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the contributions of women in the military during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Which resource would be the most relevant?

<p>Women in the U.S. Military During Desert Shield/Desert Storm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual from the provided list served as the Secretary of the Navy during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm?

<p>H. Lawrence Garrett (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You're writing a paper on the logistical challenges of Operation Desert Shield. Which of the listed images would most likely be relevant to include?

<p>USS Suribachi (AE-21) transiting the Suez Canal, enroute to the Persian Gulf to support Operation Desert Shield (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person was interested in Director Sam Cox's firsthand account of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, where would they most likely find it?

<p>NHHC Director Sam Cox's personal recollections on Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resources would provide insight into the operational achievements that led to the Southwest Asia Service Battle Streamer?

<p>The United States Navy in Desert Shield/Desert Storm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Seabees, as suggested by Secretary Garrett's visit during Operation Desert Shield?

<p>Construction and infrastructure support for military operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The firing of a BGM-109 Tomahawk missile from the USS Missouri during Operation Desert Storm demonstrates what capability of the U.S. Navy?

<p>Long-range precision strike. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The F/A-18C Hornet aircraft turning near the USS Saratoga during Desert Shield indicates what operational aspect of naval aviation?

<p>Carrier-based air defense and strike capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The U.S. Navy ship anchored in the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm, flying the national ensign, symbolizes what?

<p>A forward military presence and national power projection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the image of a U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells during Operation Desert Storm primarily represent?

<p>The U.S. military's capability to conduct offensive air operations and counter Iraqi aggression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A U.S. Navy commander standing near a destroyed Iraqi T-55 tank outside Kuwait City signifies what outcome of Operation Desert Storm?

<p>The technological superiority and destructive capability of U.S. forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the various assets deployed during Operation Desert Storm, what was a key strategic advantage held by the U.S. Navy?

<p>Ability to project power from international waters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the equipment and activities described, which of the following best summarizes the U.S. Navy's overall contribution to Operation Desert Storm?

<p>Executing strategic strikes, maintaining air superiority, and supporting ground forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Desert Shield/Desert Storm

Military operations in 1990-1991 to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

Saddam Hussein

The Iraqi leader who ordered the invasion of Kuwait.

Maritime Superiority

Achieved by the U.S. Navy, allowing for the deployment of allied forces.

Joint Task Force Middle East

U.S. Navy task force present in the Middle East at the time of the Iraqi invasion.

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USS Independence & USS Dwight D. Eisenhower

U.S. Navy aircraft carriers that moved to the Gulf of Oman and Red Sea.

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George H.W. Bush

Ordered the deployment of troops to defend Saudi Arabia.

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Tomahawk Cruise Missiles

Used against Iraq to weaken its military infrastructure.

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100 Hours

The duration of the ground war that liberated Kuwait.

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Operation Desert Shield

U.S. operation to defend Saudi Arabia after Iraq invaded Kuwait.

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Operation Desert Storm

U.S. operation to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.

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Admiral Frank B. Kelso

U.S. Navy leader during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

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Fifth Fleet

U.S. Naval Forces Central Command; oversees naval operations in the Persian Gulf.

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Suez Canal

Crucial waterway connecting the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

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AV-8B Harrier

Aircraft used by the US Navy during Operation Desert Shield.

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USS Suribachi (AE-21)

U.S. Navy ship that transported ammunition to the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Shield.

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TLAM

A Tomahawk Land Attack Missile, fired from a submarine.

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Broadside

Naval guns firing simultaneously from one side of a ship.

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CH-53E Super Stallion

Heavy-lift helicopter used by the US Marine Corps.

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USNS Mercy (T-AH-19)

A US Navy hospital ship.

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USS Missouri (BB-63)

Battleship that served in WWII, Korea, and Desert Storm.

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Navy Corpsmen

Medical personnel providing care.

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Kuwaiti Oil Fires

The burning of oil fields.

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H. Lawrence Garrett

Secretary of the Navy during Operation Desert Shield.

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BGM-109 Tomahawk (TLAM)

A land-attack missile used extensively in Operation Desert Storm.

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Strike Fighter Squadron 74

Strike Fighter Squadron flying F/A-18C Hornet aircraft during Desert Shield.

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USS Saratoga (CV-60)

Forrestal-class aircraft carrier present during Desert Shield.

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F-14A Tomcat (VF-211)

U.S. Navy fighter aircraft flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells.

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Persian Gulf Region

The general location where U.S. Navy ships were stationed during Operation Desert Storm.

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Iraqi T-55 Tank

Captured after its destruction in the desert outside Kuwait City, during Operation Desert Storm.

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Study Notes

  • The Iraqi army invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
  • The United States deployed a major joint force as part of a multinational coalition to stop President Saddam Hussein's aggression.
  • The U.S. Navy provided sea control and maritime superiority, paving the way for U.S. and allied air and ground forces.
  • At the time of the invasion, the Navy was already on station in the region.
  • Joint Task Force Middle East ships were immediately put on alert.
  • Battle groups led by USS Independence (CV-62) and USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) sped from the Indian Ocean and eastern Mediterranean.
  • They took up positions in the Gulf of Oman and Red Sea, ready to start combat operations
  • President George H.W. Bush ordered troop and equipment deployments to defend Saudi Arabia on August 7.
  • More than 240 ships carried about 18.3 million pounds of equipment and supplies.
  • The United Nations imposed trade sanctions against Iraq to damage the country's economy.
  • U.S. Marines began arriving in Saudi Arabia.
  • Over 21,000 naval reservists were called to active duty supporting Desert Shield/Desert Storm.
  • Hussein repeatedly rejected demands to leave Kuwait, leading to combat on January 18, 1991.
  • Bombardment by air assets and the economic embargo decimated Iraq's military infrastructure and morale.
  • Communications, supplies, and weapons arsenals were devastated.
  • Navy ships launched Tomahawk cruise missiles against Iraqi military targets.
  • This softened the battlefield for ground troops.
  • After the 38-day air campaign, ground troops swept through Kuwait.
  • The Iraqi army was crushed in 100 hours, and thousands of Iraqi soldiers surrendered.
  • Kuwait was freed.

Notable People:

  • President George H.W. Bush
  • Secretary of the Navy H. Lawrence Garrett
  • Admiral Frank B. Kelso
  • Captain Michael Speicher
  • Captain Rosemary Mariner

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Related Documents

Desert Shield/Desert Storm: U.S. Navy in the Gulf War - PDF

Description

Explore the U.S. Navy's crucial role in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm, from initial response to battlefield preparation and logistical support. Learn about strategic deployments, naval firepower, and the rapid collapse of the Iraqi army during the ground war. Discover the significance of naval operations in this conflict.

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