Operating Systems Quiz
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What is the primary function of an operating system?

  • To provide hardware interfaces for all applications.
  • To act as a resource allocator and interface between user and hardware. (correct)
  • To manage network connections and security protocols.
  • To execute graphical user interfaces for ease of use.

    • Which of the following statements is NOT a goal of operating systems?

  • To make the computer system convenient for users.
  • To ensure maximum hardware performance at all times. (correct)
  • To efficiently utilize available resources.
  • To execute user programs and facilitate problem-solving.

    • What term describes the core program that runs continuously in an operating system?

  • Executable
  • Kernel (correct)
  • Shell
  • Daemon

    • Which of the following is a feature unique to Linux operating systems compared to Windows?

    <p>Distribution versions with varying features and designs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bootloader' refer to in an operating system context?

    <p>A program that initiates the operating system during startup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a control statements interpreter in a batch system?

    <p>Control card interpreter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary function of a command interpreter?

    <p>To read and execute command statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do experienced users prefer command interpreters over graphical user interfaces?

    <p>They can type commands faster to get results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to begin working with a selected storage device in parted?

    <p>parted &lt;device_name&gt;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is a command interpreter most commonly executed?

    <p>When a new batch job is initiated or a user logs into a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to set the partition table type to GPT?

    <p>mklabel gpt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main advantages of graphical user interfaces compared to command interpreters?

    <p>They present information in a visual format that is easier to understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between Linux and Windows regarding file names?

    <p>Linux is case-sensitive, while Windows is case-insensitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of kernel is primarily used by Linux?

    <p>Monolithic kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interface did command interpreters utilize before graphical user interfaces became prevalent?

    <p>Text-based interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of command statements in a command interpreter?

    <p>Database management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands is used to create a new partition in parted?

    <p>mkpart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in directory separator used between Linux and Windows?

    <p>Linux uses a forward slash, while Windows uses a backslash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the root directory in Linux represent?

    <p>The starting point for the file system hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a limitation of the Windows 1.0 operating environment when it was released?

    <p>Limited multi-tasking capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the cost of Linux and Windows operating systems?

    <p>Linux is free, while Windows is costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directory contains system configuration files in Linux?

    <p>/etc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to list the partitions of a disk in Linux?

    <p>parted -l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Linux compare to Windows regarding efficiency?

    <p>Linux is more efficient than Windows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is partitioning a hard drive important in Linux?

    <p>It enables the separation and isolation of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Linux directory structure, which directory typically holds user binaries and executable programs?

    <p>/bin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the /tmp directory in Linux?

    <p>To hold temporary files cleared on reboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to identify a specific storage device to be partitioned in Linux?

    <p>parted -l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directory is typically used to store optional or third-party software in Linux?

    <p>/opt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of memory management in an operating system?

    <p>To maximize memory utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks is NOT associated with memory management by the operating system?

    <p>Maintaining network quality of service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of storage is main memory categorized as?

    <p>Volatile storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secondary storage management in a computer system?

    <p>To permanently store data and programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered part of network management features?

    <p>Main memory allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the two-level directory structure?

    <p>Multiple files with the same name can exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of the two-level directory structure?

    <p>Users cannot share files with one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the tree directory structure, what is a significant feature compared to the two-level structure?

    <p>Subdirectories can be created by users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the tree directory structure?

    <p>Increased complexity in searching with many subdirectories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the acyclic-graph directory structure distinct from the previous structures?

    <p>It allows files to be accessed from multiple directories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following benefits does the tree directory structure provide?

    <p>Enhanced scalability compared to other structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation do users face in the two-level directory structure regarding file creation?

    <p>Users cannot create any subdirectories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the functionality of the acyclic-graph directory structure?

    <p>It permits multiple access points for a file from different directories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Orientation to Computing-I

    • Course name: Orientation to Computing-I
    • LTP: 2-0-0
    • Provided by: Lovely Professional University

    Unit-2 (Operating System)

    • Operating System: A program acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It manages resources efficiently.
    • Operating System Components: Windows OS, version and features; installation processes, directory hierarchies (single and multiple levels), bootloaders.
    • Linux Operating System: Its features, distribution versions; installation processes, directory hierarchies (single and multiple levels), disk partitions and obtaining partition information, comparison of Windows and Linux OS, virtual machines.

    What is an Operating System?

    • A program acting as an interface between users and computer hardware.
    • A resource allocator manages computer resources efficiently.
    • Operating System Goals: Execute user programs & make problem solving easier. Make the computer system user-friendly. Efficiently use available resources.

    Figure 5-10. Overview of an Operating System's Functions.

    • Illustrates the role of Operating System in resource allocation and user services.
    • Shows User Interface, Operating System, and Services.
    • Entities such as Data, CPU, Memory, and I/O Devices.

    Computer System Structure

    • A computer system consists of four main components: Hardware, Operating System, Application Programs, and Users.
    • Hardware: Provides basic resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
    • Operating System: Controls and coordinates resource usage among applications.
    • System/Application Programs: Define how resources are used for solving user problems (e.g., word processors, compilers, browsers, games).
    • Users: People, machines, or other computers.

    Four Components of a Computer System

    • Diagram showing how the computer system is structured.
    • Shows the relationship between the operating system, user, and computer hardware.
    • Includes system programs/applications and user programs/applications

    Difference between System Software and Application Software

    • Diagram illustrating the difference based on functionalities.
    • System Software: Contains computer operating systems, hardware utilities.
    • Application Software: Contains Web browsers, spreadsheets, word processors, and databases.

    Application software

    • Programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.
    • Examples include email, web browsers, gaming software, word processors, graphics software, and media players.

    System software

    • Acts as an interface between applications and hardware
    • Examples: Operating systems, device drivers

    Operating System Services

    • Operating systems provide: an environment for programs and services to programs and users.
    • Key Services: User interface (CLI, GUI, touch screen), program execution (loading, running, ending a program), I/O operations (involving files or devices), files manipulation (reading, writing, creating, deleting files/directories), communications (information exchange between computers), error detection (monitoring CPU, memory, I/O for errors)

    Operating System Services

    • Resource Allocation: Allocating resources (CPU cycles, memory, storage) to multiple tasks.
    • Protection and Security: Controlling access to system resources and information. (Protecting external I/O devices).

    Computer System Organization

    • One or more CPUs, device controllers, & communication via a shared bus.
    • Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles and resources.

    Components of Operating System

    • Process Management: Managing program execution.
    • File Management: Creating, deleting, manipulating files and directories.
    • Memory Management: Managing main memory usage.
    • Secondary Storage Management: Managing disk storage.
    • I/O Device Management: Managing data input/output devices.
    • Command Interpreter System: Provides user interface.

    Process management

    • A running program is a process
    • Processes need CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices for execution.
    • Process management component handles multiple processes running simultaneously.

    Program vs Process vs Thread

    Operating System

    File management

    • Files are sequences of bits, bytes, lines or records. The meaning is determined by the creator and user.
    • File formats include magnetic tape, disk, and drum, which are common storage methods.
    • Files primarily store data, source and object code, and programs.
    • Data in files can be alphanumeric, numeric, or alphabetic.

    Operating System Activities in File Management

    • Creating files and directories.
    • Deleting files and directories.
    • Mapping files onto secondary storage.
    • Backing up files on stable storage media.

    I/O Device Management

    • Operating systems hide the complexities of hardware devices, providing an abstract layer.
    • Tasks include managing main memory using cache, buffer and spooling, managing hardware devices, providing device drivers for each device

    Network Management

    • Management of a network; Includes fault analysis, quality of service maintenance, and network provisioning
    • Features include network administrations; maintenance; operations; provisions and security.

    Main Memory Management

    • Main memory is a large storage array of bytes with addresses.
    • Memory management involves reads and writes of specific addresses.
    • Main memory is volatile and loses data if power fails.
    • The goal of memory management is efficient memory use.

    Operating System Activities in Memory Management

    • Operating system keeps track of currently used memory, by whom.
    • Operating system decides which processes to load.
    • Operating system allocates and deallocates memory spaces needed.

    Secondary Storage Management

    • Main memory is too small for all data. Secondary storage is used to store and backup data.
    • Modern systems usually employ disks as the primary storage medium.
    • Programs are stored on disk until needed in memory to allow efficient use.

    Comparison of Windows and Linux

    • Linux is open source and free, while Windows is proprietary and commercial.
    • Linux is faster and more secure than Windows.

    Virtual Machine

    • Creates a virtual version of a computer system.

    Virtualization

    What is Virtualization?

    Few Relevant Terms

    Before Virtualization(x86)

    After Virtualization(x86)

    Terms

    Advantages of VMs

    Command Interpreter System

    • Critical component interacting between User and OS.
    • Interprets commands, various calls, dealing with process management, I/O handling, storage, memory, and network.

    Evolution of Windows Logos

    Installation process

    Structures of Directory in Operating System

    Operations Performed on Directory

    Directory Schemes

    Two Level

    Tree Structure

    Acyclic-Graph Directories

    Directory Implementation

    Bootloader

    Linux OS and its features

    Components of Linux System

    • Kernel: Core part of Linux interacting directly with hardware.
    • System Library: Used by programs for functions.
    • System Utility: Programs for specific tasks.

    Kernel Mode vs User Mode

    Linux Operating System

    Basic Features

    Distribution versions

    • Listing of the top 10 Linux distributions.

    Installation

    Linux Directory Structure and File System Hierarchy

    How to partition a disk in Linux

    • Partitioning and data management procedures.

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    Orientation to Computing-I (Lovely Professional University) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions and features of operating systems in this quiz. Explore concepts related to command interpreters, bootloaders, and the differences between Linux and Windows. Perfect for students or anyone looking to brush up on their OS understanding!

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