Operating Systems Quiz
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Which approach to deadlock avoidance involves not starting a process that could lead to deadlock?

  • Process initiation denial (correct)
  • Resource allocation denial
  • Process priority alteration
  • Resource limitation enforcement

    • What is one of the restrictions that must be considered when implementing deadlock avoidance?

  • The maximum resource requirement for each process must be stated in advance (correct)
  • All process priorities must be equal
  • Resource requests can be granted without assessment
  • Processes can change their maximum resource requirements dynamically

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the resource allocation denial approach?

  • Allowing maximum resource usage without conditions (correct)
  • Assessing resource requests based on current availability
  • Granting resource requests incrementally
  • Preventing resource allocation that may lead to deadlock

    • What is the focus of the resource allocation denial strategy?

    <p>Not granting resource requests that might lead to a deadlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the principle of process initiation denial?

    <p>Processes are only initiated if their resource requirements won't cause deadlock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is multiprogramming primarily concerned with?

    <p>Managing multiple processes within a uniprocessor system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an atomic operation?

    <p>A function that executes a set of instructions as a single unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the critical section refer to in concurrent processes?

    <p>A section of code that requires access to shared resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a race condition?

    <p>Multiple processes read and write a shared data item, affecting the final output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement must be met to achieve mutual exclusion?

    <p>Only one process can enter the critical section at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of distributed processing?

    <p>To manage multiple processes executing on distributed computer systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about multiprocessing is true?

    <p>It pertains to management of multiple processes on a multiprocessor system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for an operation to be considered atomic?

    <p>It must complete in its entirety without interruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does starvation refer to in the context of process scheduling?

    <p>A process that is consistently overlooked by the scheduler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for processes not to be delayed indefinitely when accessing a critical section?

    <p>To prevent deadlock and ensure system efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes processes in a concurrent system?

    <p>They are designed to run in isolation without knowledge of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of interleaved execution in a multiprogramming system?

    <p>It creates the potential for starvation among lower priority processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a process do once it enters its critical section?

    <p>Finish its task within a finite time frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of concurrency?

    <p>Continuous execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes competition among processes?

    <p>Processes are independent, executing without awareness of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best exemplifies mutual exclusion?

    <p>A process entering a critical section while another has already entered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cooperation by sharing entail in the context of concurrency?

    <p>Processes are indirectly aware of each other and share access to resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential control problem associated with process interactions?

    <p>Resource allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a condition variable in the context of process synchronization?

    <p>It enables a process to block until a specific condition is satisfied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of monitors, what key feature restricts access to its variables?

    <p>Access procedures must be used to manipulate variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about mutex locks is true?

    <p>The holder of the lock must also unlock it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of cooperation by communication among processes?

    <p>Processes directly interact using process identification and work jointly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes starvation in the context of process management?

    <p>A process waits indefinitely for CPU time or resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mutual exclusion refer to in concurrency?

    <p>Only one process can access a resource at any given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to recover from a detected deadlock?

    <p>Aborting all deadlock processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy in deadlock avoidance?

    <p>Denial of resource requests that could lead to deadlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can circular wait be prevented?

    <p>By defining a linear ordering of resource types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen before successively aborting deadlocked processes?

    <p>The detection algorithm must be rerun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must be satisfied for a deadlock to occur?

    <p>Circular Wait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a process is denied further requests during deadlock recovery?

    <p>It must release its held resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for deadlock recovery?

    <p>Checking resource compatibility before allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for dynamic deadlock avoidance strategies?

    <p>Predicting future resource requests of processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating Systems

    • Operating systems (OS) focus on managing processes and threads.
    • Multiprogramming manages multiple processes on a single processor.
    • Multiprocessing manages multiple processes on multiple processors.
    • Distributed processing manages multiple processes on multiple distributed systems.

    Concurrency Terminologies

    • Atomic operations: Execute as a group, no other process can see intermediate states or interrupt, effectively isolating it from concurrent processes.
    • Critical Section: Section of code requiring access to shared resources, only one process can execute it at a time.
    • Race Condition: Multiple threads/processes read and write shared data, final result depends on execution timing.
    • Starvation: Runnable process is overlooked indefinitely by the scheduler, even though it's ready to proceed.

    Process Interactions

    • Competition: Processes unaware of each other, can be batch jobs, interactive sessions, or a mix. Potential problems: mutual exclusion, deadlock, starvation.
    • Cooperation by Sharing: Processes share access to objects but may not be aware of each other. Potential problems: mutual exclusion, deadlock, starvation, data coherence.
    • Cooperation by Communication: Processes communicate by process identification and work jointly. Potential problems: deadlock, starvation.

    Mutual Exclusion

    • Requires the following:
      • Only one process at a time in its critical section.
      • Halting in non-critical section does not interfere with other processes.
      • No deadlock or starvation.
      • Processes waiting to enter critical sections must be allowed without delay.
      • No assumptions on process speed or processor count.
      • Processes remain in critical section for a finite time.

    Concurrency Solutions

    • Semaphore: Control access to shared resources, signaling available resources.
    • Mutex (Mutual Exclusion): Provides exclusive access to a resource, only the one who locks it can unlock, only the holder can operate.
    • Condition Variable: A data type blocking a process/thread until a specific condition is met.
    • Monitor: Encapsulates variables, access procedures, and initialization code, controlling access and ensuring only one process is active at a time.

    Deadlock

    • Occurs when:
      • Mutual exclusion: resource held by one process, others wait.
      • Hold and wait: process holds resource while waiting for another.
      • No preemption: resources cannot be forcibly removed.
      • Circular wait: processes waiting for each other in a cycle.

    Deadlock Recovery

    • Common Methods:
      • Aborting all deadlocked processes: most common.
      • Rolling back processes to checkpoints: requires rollback and restart mechanisms, but deadlock may recur.
      • Successively aborting processes until deadlock is gone: requires repeated detection.
      • Successively preempting resources until deadlock is gone: requires rolling back processes.

    Deadlock Avoidance

    • Deny resource requests if allocation might lead to deadlock:
      • Process initiation denial: don't start a process if its demands might lead to a deadlock.
      • Resource allocation denial: don't grant incremental requests if they might lead to a deadlock.

    Deadlock Prevention

    • Restrict system behavior:
      • No preemption: prevent by requiring processes to release held resources if denied requests, letting go of resources to allow other processes, or requesting additional resources.
      • Circular wait: prevent by defining a linear ordering of resource types.

    Deadlock Avoidance Restrictions

    • Maximum resource requirement for each process must be known in advance.

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    Related Documents

    Concurrency and Deadlocks - IT2106 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in operating systems, including process management, concurrency, and critical sections. Test your understanding of multiprogramming, multiprocessing, and process interactions, as well as related terminologies like race conditions and starvation.

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