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Questions and Answers
What is a process in terms of operating systems?
What is a thread in terms of operating systems?
What is the newborn state of a process?
What is the purpose of process scheduling?
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What is the shortest job first scheduling algorithm?
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What is the purpose of process synchronization?
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What is a mutex?
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What is the purpose of a semaphore?
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Study Notes
Process Management
Process management is a crucial aspect of operating systems that deals with the creation, execution, and termination of processes.
Process Types
- Process: A program in execution, including the current activity, memory, and system resources.
- Thread: A lightweight process that shares memory and resources with other threads within the same process.
- Parent Process: A process that creates a new process.
- Child Process: A process created by a parent process.
Process States
- Newborn: A process is created and is being initialized.
- Running: A process is currently executing instructions.
- Waiting: A process is waiting for a resource or event to occur.
- Ready: A process is waiting for the CPU to become available.
- Zombie: A process that has finished execution but still has an entry in the process table.
- Sleeping: A process that is waiting for a specific event or signal.
Process Scheduling
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Scheduling Algorithms: Determine the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
- First-Come-First-Served (FCFS): The process that arrives first is executed first.
- Shortest Job First (SJF): The process with the shortest burst time is executed first.
- Priority Scheduling: Processes are assigned a priority, and the highest priority process is executed first.
- Round Robin (RR): Each process is given a fixed time slice (time quantum) to execute before the next process is scheduled.
Process Synchronization
- Synchronization: The coordination of processes to ensure that they access shared resources without conflicts.
- Critical Section: A section of code that accesses shared resources and must be executed by only one process at a time.
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Synchronization Mechanisms:
- Mutex: A lock that allows only one process to access a shared resource.
- Semaphore: A counter that limits the number of processes that can access a shared resource.
- Monitor: A high-level synchronization mechanism that provides a safe and efficient way to access shared resources.
Process Communication
- Inter-Process Communication (IPC): The exchange of data or information between processes.
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IPC Mechanisms:
- Pipes: A unidirectional communication channel between two processes.
- Message Queues: A buffer that stores messages sent between processes.
- Shared Memory: A shared region of memory that can be accessed by multiple processes.
- Sockets: A communication endpoint that allows processes to communicate over a network.
Process Management
- Process management deals with the creation, execution, and termination of processes in an operating system.
Process Types
- A process is a program in execution, including current activity, memory, and system resources.
- A thread is a lightweight process that shares memory and resources with other threads within the same process.
- A parent process creates a new process, and a child process is created by a parent process.
Process States
- A newborn process is being initialized after creation.
- A running process is currently executing instructions.
- A waiting process is waiting for a resource or event to occur.
- A ready process is waiting for the CPU to become available.
- A zombie process has finished execution but still has an entry in the process table.
- A sleeping process is waiting for a specific event or signal.
Process Scheduling
- Scheduling algorithms determine the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
- First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduling executes the process that arrives first.
- Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling executes the process with the shortest burst time first.
- Priority Scheduling executes the process with the highest priority first.
- Round Robin (RR) scheduling gives each process a fixed time slice (time quantum) to execute before the next process is scheduled.
Process Synchronization
- Synchronization coordinates processes to access shared resources without conflicts.
- A critical section is a section of code that accesses shared resources and must be executed by only one process at a time.
- Mutex is a lock that allows only one process to access a shared resource.
- Semaphore is a counter that limits the number of processes that can access a shared resource.
- Monitor is a high-level synchronization mechanism that provides a safe and efficient way to access shared resources.
Process Communication
- Inter-Process Communication (IPC) is the exchange of data or information between processes.
- Pipes are a unidirectional communication channel between two processes.
- Message Queues are a buffer that stores messages sent between processes.
- Shared Memory is a shared region of memory that can be accessed by multiple processes.
- Sockets are a communication endpoint that allows processes to communicate over a network.
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Description
Learn about process management in operating systems, including types of processes, parent and child processes, and more.