Operating Systems CSEN1101 Quiz

A function that maps data of arbitrary size to a fixed-size value, often used for indexing and searching.

A data structure that uses a hash function to store and retrieve key-value pairs efficiently. It maps keys to specific locations in the data structure allowing quick access.

A string of bits, where each bit represents the status of a corresponding item. A 0 indicates that the item is available, while a 1 indicates that it is unavailable.

A process of associating each element in a set with a unique integer identifier.

A data structure that stores a collection of elements in a specific order, allowing access to any element based on its position in the order.

Application programs like word processors, spreadsheets and web browsers use computer resources to solve users' problems.

The operating system controls the hardware and coordinates its use by various programs and users.

The user's perception of a computer depends on the interface they interact with.

A computer system with one user designed to maximize the user's work or play.

A system where multiple users share resources and exchange information, aiming to maximize resource utilization.

Computers connected to networks that allows users to have dedicated resources and share things like networks and servers.

A control program that manages the execution of user programs, preventing errors and improper use of the computer. It also helps to manage I/O devices.

The operating system is responsible for allocating resources (CPU, Memory, I/O) to different programs and users fairly and efficiently.

An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages a computer's hardware and provides a foundation for running applications. It acts like a bridge between the user and the computer's hardware.

Early computers (1940s-1950s) did not have operating systems. Every task required writing a program in absolute machine language, which was complex and time-consuming.

Operating systems for mobile devices provide a user-friendly environment to execute programs. They are designed to be efficient and convenient, allowing users to easily interact with their devices.

An operating system is a complex piece of software that's built in parts. Each part has a specific purpose, input, output, and function.

An operating system acts as the intermediary between the user and the computer hardware. It provides an easy-to-use interface for users to interact with the system.

Operating systems are designed with different priorities. Some are focused on convenience, others on efficiency, and some on a combination of both.

The operating system provides a foundation for application programs, enabling them to run smoothly and access system resources. It acts as a platform for applications.

The operating system is crucial for managing computer resources like memory, files, input/output devices, and peripherals. It ensures efficient and organized utilization of system resources.

Resource management is the process of allocating and controlling system resources, such as CPU time, memory, storage, and peripherals, to ensure efficient and fair use. This includes allocating resources to processes, managing memory, and scheduling tasks.

Protection and security mechanisms safeguard the system from unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data corruption. They enforce security policies and protect sensitive information, ensuring data integrity and user privacy.

Process management deals with the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes (running programs). It handles the allocation and management of CPU time, memory, and other resources to ensure efficient and fair execution.

CPU scheduling is the process of deciding which process to execute at any given time. It aims to optimize CPU utilization, minimize waiting time for processes, and ensure fairness in resource allocation.

Memory management techniques control how memory is allocated and used by processes. The goal is to optimize memory utilization, prevent conflicts, and ensure that processes have enough memory to run efficiently.

Mass storage structures manage the storage and retrieval of data on secondary storage devices such as hard disks and flash drives. They optimize storage utilization and provide reliable data access.

System Protection mechanisms safeguard the operating system itself and its resources from unauthorized access, malicious code, and accidental changes. They prevent unauthorized modifications and ensure system stability.

A temporary storage area that holds frequently accessed data for faster retrieval, reducing the need to access slower storage devices.

The problem of maintaining consistent data across multiple caches when the same data is present in different caches of a multiprocessor system.

Managing the storage space within the cache to ensure the most frequently used data is held, while removing or replacing less frequently used data.

A technique used by operating systems to improve performance by storing frequently accessed data in a faster and more efficiently accessible location, like RAM.

The set of mechanisms that control access to system resources, such as files, memory, and hardware devices, ensuring data integrity and system security.

A component of the I/O subsystem that encompasses features like buffering, caching, and spooling, facilitating efficient data handling between devices and memory.

A system component that provides a standardized interface for communicating with various hardware devices, enabling consistent communication and driver management.

Specialized software programs designed to interact with specific hardware devices, tailoring communication and control for optimal functionality.

A distributed operating system utilizes multiple, independent CPUs or processors connected through separate nodes, allowing efficient communication and resource sharing across the network.

Distributed operating systems enhance network operating systems, enabling seamless communication and resource access between users. They leverage a distributed architecture for tasks and information sharing.

A multiprocessing operating system employs multiple CPUs (CPUs) within a single system to boost processing efficiency. These CPUs share resources like bus, memory, and I/O devices concurrently.

Multiprocessing OS is designed for rapid program and process execution. It's optimized for concurrent tasks by using multiple processors to share and manage resources efficiently.

A real-time operating system guarantees fast processing and response times to meet demanding applications with stringent time constraints.

Real-time operating systems are crucial for applications like autonomous vehicles, traffic signals, nuclear reactors, and aircraft control, where immediate and reliable responses are critical.

Hard real-time systems are designed for critical applications where even the slightest delay is unacceptable. They prioritize timely and accurate responses.

Soft real-time systems offer a less strict timing guarantee. Though delays are not ideal, they are tolerable as long as performance is not significantly affected.