Operating Systems CSEN1101 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary roles of an operating system?

To serve as a programming language

To create computer hardware

To write application programs

To manage a computer’s hardware (correct)

How are operating systems generally designed?

To run without any user interaction

To be convenient or efficient, or both (correct)

To provide endless memory options

To be simple and small

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an operating system?

Memory management

File management

Managing peripheral devices

Providing antivirus protection (correct)

What allows an operating system to function effectively?

Its complexity and large size Signup and view all the answers

In the context of operating systems, what is meant by 'subsystems'?

Individual modules with distinct functions Signup and view all the answers

During what period did the first generation of operating systems occur?

1940 to early 1950s Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the interface created by an operating system?

To facilitate communication between users and hardware Signup and view all the answers

What is one key feature of modern operating systems?

They provide a platform for running applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a distributed operating system?

To enable communication between multiple independent processors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of a multiprocessing operating system?

It uses multiple CPUs to improve efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What type of applications are best served by real-time operating systems?

Applications that need immediate response and low latency. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of real-time operating system?

Batch Real-Time System Signup and view all the answers

What resources do hardware components provide for operating systems?

Basic computing resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices. Signup and view all the answers

How does a distributed operating system differ from a network operating system?

It enables a higher degree of connectivity and resource sharing. Signup and view all the answers

In a multiprocessing operating system, what do multiple CPUs share?

The same computer bus, clock, memory, and input/output devices. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the need for a real-time operating system?

An automatic car requiring immediate decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an operating system?

To manage hardware and software resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a service provided by an operating system?

Internet access management Signup and view all the answers

Which CPU scheduling algorithm is designed to minimize the average waiting time for processes?

Shortest Job Next (SJN) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of process synchronization in an operating system?

To ensure that no two processes execute critical sections at the same time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of operating system is characterized by the ability to run multiple processes simultaneously?

Multithreaded operating system Signup and view all the answers

What is a deadlock in the context of operating systems?

A situation where two or more processes cannot proceed because each is waiting for the other to release resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the kernel of an operating system?

The central component that manages system resources Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is essential for inter-process communication?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does the value of '0' in a bitmap typically represent?

Resource is available Signup and view all the answers

How does a hash function facilitate the retrieval of values from a hash map?

By applying the hash function to the key to locate the value Signup and view all the answers

In a bitmap representation, which of the following indicates the availability of resources?

The position of '0's in the bitmap Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of hash functions in computer science?

Implementing hash maps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about a bitmap is true?

Each position in a bitmap corresponds to a specific resource. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of application programs?

To define methods for users to solve computing problems Signup and view all the answers

Which system type aims to maximize resource utilization by sharing resources among multiple users?

Mainframe or Minicomputer Signup and view all the answers

What does an operating system do as a control program?

Prevents errors and manages the execution of user programs Signup and view all the answers

How does a user's view of a computer vary among different systems?

It depends on the type of system interface being used. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step taken when a specific piece of information is needed?

Look for it in the cache. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of a single user system?

To maximize the individual user's performance Signup and view all the answers

In a multiprocessor environment, what issue arises due to the presence of multiple caches?

Cache coherency. Signup and view all the answers

What significant function does the operating system perform concerning requests for resources?

Decides how to allocate resources fairly and efficiently Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cache management in a caching system?

To handle the limited size of caches efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

Which system typically has little or no user view?

Embedded Computer Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the components of an I/O subsystem?

Buffering, caching, and spooling. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a computer system is powered up or rebooted?

It must have an initial program to run. Signup and view all the answers

Why is caching beneficial in a computing environment?

It speeds up data access by storing frequently accessed data. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the cache coherency issue?

The simultaneous existence of data copies in multiple caches. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about protection in a computer system is true?

It controls user access to system resources. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if data is not found in the cache?

A copy is retrieved from the source and cached. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course name: Operating Systems
Course code: CSEN1101
Department: CSE, GST
Instructor: GVSN

Course Educational Objectives

Introduce basic operating system concepts, functions, and services
Provide basic concepts of process management and synchronization
Familiarize students with deadlock issues
Explain various memory management schemes
Provide exposure to mass storage structures and system protection

Syllabus - Module I

Operating System Structures
- Introduction: computer system organization, architecture, operating system structure, resource management, Protection, and security, kernel data structures
- Operating system services, system calls, loaders and linkers, operating system structure, building and booting an operating system.

Syllabus - Module II

Process Management and CPU Scheduling
- Process concepts, process scheduling, Operations on processes, and inter-process communication
- Multithreaded programming, Multi-core Programming, Multi-threading Models
- Scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms, algorithm evaluation

Syllabus - Module III

Process Synchronization and Deadlock
- Critical section problem, Peterson's solution
- Synchronization hardware, Mutex locks, semaphores, monitors
- Classic problems of synchronization
- System model, deadlock characterization, deadlock prevention, deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock

Syllabus - Module IV

Memory Management and Virtual memory
- Swapping, contiguous memory allocation, paging, segmentation, structure of page table
- Demand paging, Copy-on-Write, page replacement, allocation of frames, thrashing

Syllabus - Module V

Mass-storage structure and System Protection
- File concept, access methods, directory and disk structure, protection
- Overview of Mass-Storage Structure, disk scheduling, Swap space management
- Goals of protection, principles of protection, Domain of protection, Access matrix

Textbooks and References

Silberchatz, Galvin, Gagne: Operating System Concepts, 10/e, John Wiley (2018)
Tanenbaum: Modern Operating Systems, 2/e, Pearson/PHI (2014)
Crowley: Operating System- A Design Approach, McGraw-Hill (2012)
Stallings: Operating Systems - Internal and Design Principles, 5/e (2013)
Pal Chaudhary: Operating system principles & Design, 1/e, PHI Learning (2013)
Deitel and Deitel: Operating System, Pearson Education (2003)
D.M. Dhamdhere: Operating systems- A Concept based Approach, 2/e, McGraw Hill (2010)

Course Outcomes

Illustrate the basic and overall view of operating system
Analyze the concept of a process, process life cycle, process states and state transitions
Implement and practice CPU scheduling strategies, process synchronization techniques and memory-management schemes
Simplify and resolve Deadlock handling situation
Evaluate Disk storage management, protection and security mechanisms

CO-PO Mapping

(See provided table)

Learning Outcomes

Explain the main responsibilities of an operating system (OS) and the history leading to their current form
List the most fundamental subsystems and services of OS
Analyze and list out different system calls

Introduction

An operating system (OS) manages hardware and provides a basis for application programs.

Generations of Operating Systems

First Generation(1940-1950s):No OS, tasks coded in machine language
Second Generation(1955-1965): GMOS, batch processing
Third Generation(1965-1980):Multiprogramming
Fourth Generation (1980-Present): Personal computers, Windows, Mac OS

Types of Operating Systems

Batch, Time-Sharing, Embedded, Multiprogramming, Network, Distributed, Multiprocessing, and Real-time

Advantages of Operating System

Helpful for monitoring and regulating resources
Easy to operate with Graphical User Interface
Creates interaction between users and applications/hardware
Improves computer system performance, response time, and throughput
Facilitates sharing of diverse resources.

Disadvantages of Operating System

Limits the number of concurrent tasks
Stored data can be destroyed if errors occur.
Security threats (viruses) could affect the system
Unrecognized users can use the system without permission
System cost can be high.

Computer-System Organization

Computer-System Operation: A bootstrap program starts running the computer system..
Storage Structure: CPU loads instructions and data from memory (RAM). Memory is an array of bytes, each with an address.
I/O Structure: I/O devices are controlled by device controllers; drivers coordinate I/O operations, using techniques like interrupts and DMA (Direct Memory Access).
Computer-system architecture:
- Single-Processor Systems: One CPU
- Multiprocessor Systems: Multiple CPUs; can be asymmetric (one CPU controlling others) or symmetric (equal CPUs).
- Clustered Systems: Multiple independent systems (nodes) connected tightly via the network, used for high availability.

Operating System Structure and Operations

Multiprogramming: Using multiple jobs, allowing the CPU or I/O devices to be busy.
Time-sharing: A logical extension of multiprogramming, offering interaction with programs while they run.
Operating System Operations: Interrupts signals events occurring in the hardware or software, allowing the OS to respond.
Dual/Multi-mode operation: The OS utilizes special modes of operation (user mode, kernel mode) controlled by a mode bit in the computer's hardware, for process management.

Process Management

A process is an executing program
The operating system is responsible for scheduling processes and threads, creating processes, suspending/resuming them, and implementing mechanisms for synchronization and communication between processes.

Memory Management

The operating system manages memory usage. This includes mapping programs to memory addresses, tracking memory usage by processes, allocating, and deallocating memory as needed.

Storage Management

File System Management: The OS manages files, which are collections of related information viewed by the user as logical units and mapped to physical storage.
Mass Storage Management: Includes managing disks, free-space management, disk allocation, and disk scheduling.
Caching: Information is temporarily stored in a cache for quick access. (Hierarchy of storage levels)

Protection and Security

Protection controls access to system resources.
Security defends the system from external and internal attacks (viruses, worms, denial-of-service attacks, identity theft, etc.).
The OS (typically) tracks user identities (e.g., numerical IDs such as SIDs - security identifiers)

Kernel Data Structures

Lists, Stacks, and Queues: Arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, hash functions and maps, bitmaps are basic data structures for management within the operating system.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in Operating Systems, including process management, synchronization, and memory management. This quiz covers essential topics from the Operating Systems course curriculum, helping you understand the fundamental principles and services of operating systems.