Operating System Module 2: Process Management Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is a process in the context of an operating system?

  • A passive file stored on disk
  • A collection of computer code
  • An active program in execution (correct)
  • A type of computer architecture
  • What is the main difference between a program and a process?

  • Programs execute system code, while processes execute user code
  • Programs consist of CPU bursts, while processes consist of I/O bursts
  • Programs are stored on disk, while processes are active entities (correct)
  • Programs can execute concurrently, while processes cannot
  • In what way do processes alternate during execution?

  • Between CPU bursts and I/O bursts (correct)
  • Between disk storage and memory storage
  • Between instruction fetch and data execution
  • Between user code and system code
  • What is the role of CPU (or CPUs) in relation to processes?

    <p>Multiplex among processes for time sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a process consist of, in terms of CPU and I/O bursts?

    <p>Alternating CPU and I/O bursts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are programs and processes related in an operating system?

    <p>Processes may be associated with the same program but are considered separate execution sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a process control block (PCB) in an operating system?

    <p>To manage the CPU scheduling information for a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state does a process enter when it is waiting for the operating system to assign a processor to it?

    <p>Ready</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory contains the temporary data such as method/function parameters, return address, and local variables?

    <p>Stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the current activity of a process and includes the contents of the processor's registers?

    <p>Text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of a process contains global and static variables?

    <p>Text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CPU registers include in a process control block (PCB)?

    <p>Accumulators, index registers, and stack pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state is a process when it is being created?

    <p>New</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of memory management information in a process control block (PCB)?

    <p>To include limit registers or page tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of a process includes the current activity represented by the value of Program Counter and the contents of the processor's registers?

    <p>Text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory includes dynamically allocated memory to a process during its runtime?

    <p>Heap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Process in Operating Systems

    • A process is an active instance of a program that is being executed by the CPU.
    • Key distinction: A program is a static set of instructions stored on disk, while a process is a program in execution, encompassing its current state and resources.

    Execution of Processes

    • Processes alternate execution through time-sharing, allowing multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor.
    • Context switching occurs when the CPU switches from executing one process to another, enabling multitasking.

    Role of CPUs

    • CPUs handle process execution by fetching and executing instructions from processes, managing the allocation of processing time efficiently.

    Process Composition

    • A process consists of CPU bursts (periods of execution on the CPU) and I/O bursts (periods of waiting for input/output operations).

    Relationship Between Programs and Processes

    • Programs serve as templates for processes; one program can generate multiple processes that share the same code but have different states.

    Process Control Block (PCB)

    • PCB is a data structure used by the operating system to store essential information about a process including its current state, process ID, CPU registers, and memory management info.

    Process States

    • A process enters a "waiting" state when it is ready to run but waiting for the operating system to allocate CPU resources.

    Temporary Data in Memory

    • Stack memory holds temporary data such as method/function parameters, return addresses, and local variables during execution.

    Current Activity Representation

    • The current activity of a process is represented by the Program Counter (PC) value and the contents of the processor's registers.

    Global and Static Variables

    • The data segment of a process contains global and static variables which remain accessible throughout the process's lifespan.

    CPU Registers in PCB

    • CPU registers included in a PCB store critical information necessary for resuming the process, including the Program Counter and processor state.

    Creation State of a Process

    • A process is in a "new" state during its creation phase, indicating that it is being initialized before execution begins.

    Memory Management Info in PCB

    • Memory management information within a PCB includes data on memory allocation, including the process's allocated segments and sizes.

    Current Activity and Registers

    • The section of a process that reflects current activity includes the Program Counter (PC) and the processor's register contents, detailing next instructions to execute.

    Dynamically Allocated Memory

    • Heap memory is used for dynamically allocated memory during a process's runtime, allowing for flexible memory management as needed.

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    Description

    This study guide covers the process concept, architecture, types of computer processes, process states, process control block, concurrent processes, scheduling, and CPU scheduling algorithms/techniques. It also includes problem-solving related to CPU scheduling.

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