Operating Systems Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a system program?

  • Status information programs
  • Web browser (correct)
  • File management programs
  • Process management programs

Which type of system program allows users to create and modify files?

  • Programming-language support programs
  • File management programs
  • File modification programs (correct)
  • Communications programs

What is the primary function of 'ps' in a Linux system?

  • Display information about running processes (correct)
  • Manage file storage and access
  • Compile and execute programs
  • Modify the system's date and time

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of system programs?

<p>They are typically developed by end users (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'registry' refer to in the context of system programs?

<p>A database used to store configuration information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of system program is responsible for tasks such as compiling, assembling, and debugging programs?

<p>Programming-language support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between system programs and application programs?

<p>System programs are essential for the operating system to function, while application programs are not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies primarily relies on communications system programs for its function?

<p>Web browsing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of accounting in operating systems?

<p>Keeping track of user access to system resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical element of a GUI?

<p>Direct command entry using a keyboard. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the concept of protection in operating systems?

<p>Controlling access to system resources based on user permissions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a command interpreter (CLI) in an operating system?

<p>To execute user-specified commands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operating systems includes a GUI with a Unix kernel underneath?

<p>Apple Mac OS X (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of implementing system calls using a high-level language?

<p>It makes it easier for programmers to write system calls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between system calls and API functions?

<p>System calls are executed by the operating system kernel, while API functions are executed by user applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a touchscreen interface?

<p>Exclusive reliance on voice commands for interaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three most common APIs mentioned in the provided content?

<p>Win32 API, POSIX API, Java API (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the system call interface?

<p>Provides a way for programs to interact with the operating system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operating systems uses the block method for passing parameters to the OS?

<p>Linux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of system calls related to process control?

<p>Creating, terminating, and managing processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of system call?

<p>Application Programming Interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of system calls related to information maintenance?

<p>Getting the current system time or date (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a standard C library call that eventually uses the 'write()' system call?

<p>printf() (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about MS-DOS?

<p>It loads and executes programs in a single memory space. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of system programs?

<p>To provide a convenient environment for program development and execution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common method for passing parameters to the operating system?

<p>Direct Memory Access (DMA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a service provided by an operating system to its users?

<p>Hardware Design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of user interface involves using commands to interact with the system?

<p>CLI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the program execution service provided by the operating system?

<p>To load and run programs in memory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the error detection service in an operating system?

<p>To detect and handle errors in hardware, software, and user programs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of operating system services?

<p>User and System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of resource that an operating system allocates?

<p>System software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the communications service in an operating system?

<p>To allow processes to exchange information with each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the file manipulation service provided by an operating system?

<p>Installing new operating system updates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Operating System Services

Functions provided by the OS to facilitate program execution and user interaction.

User Interface (UI)

The way users interact with the operating system, can be CLI, GUI, or Batch.

Program Execution

The ability of the OS to load, run, and manage programs.

I/O Operations

Operations that allow programs to read and write data to files or devices.

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File Manipulation

Services that help in creating, deleting, and managing files and directories.

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Communications

Methods for processes to exchange information, locally or over a network.

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Error Detection

The OS's ability to identify and respond to errors in hardware or software.

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Resource Allocation

The process of distributing system resources among users and processes.

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Win32 API

API for Windows operating systems, allowing basic system functionality.

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POSIX API

API for POSIX-based systems like UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS X.

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Java API

API for Java programming language, used in JVM to access built-in functions.

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System Call

Request to the OS to perform a specific task or service.

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Parameter Passing Methods

Ways to pass information to the OS during system calls, include registers, memory blocks, and stack.

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Types of System Calls

Categories include process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, communications, and protection.

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Process Control Calls

System calls to manage processes like creating, terminating, and waiting for processes.

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File Management Calls

System calls to create, delete, open, and read files.

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Device Management Calls

System calls to interface with hardware devices, like reading/writing data.

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Protection Calls

System calls that control resource access and permissions for users and processes.

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Accounting in OS

Tracking computer resource usage by users.

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Protection in OS

Ensuring controlled access to system resources.

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Security in OS

Defending system from outside threats and ensuring authentication.

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User Operating System Interface - CLI

Command Line Interface for direct command entry into the OS.

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User Operating System Interface - GUI

Graphical User Interface using icons and windows for user interaction.

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Touchscreen Interfaces

Interface requiring gestures and virtual keyboards for interaction.

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Application Programming Interface (API)

Set of routines for accessing OS services without direct calls.

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System Programs

Programs that provide an environment for development and execution, often including user interfaces to system calls.

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File Management

System programs that allow users to create, delete, copy, rename, and manipulate files and directories.

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Status Information

Programs that query system stats like date, memory, disk space, and provide performance info.

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File Modification

Text editors and commands used to create and modify file contents and text transformations.

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Programming Language Support

Tools like compilers, assemblers, debuggers, and interpreters that aid in programming tasks.

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Process Management

Programs like 'ps' and Task Manager that display information about running processes.

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Program Loading and Execution

Processes involved in loading programs into memory and preparing them for execution.

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Communications Programs

Programs that facilitate virtual connections among users and systems for messaging and data transfer.

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Study Notes

Operating System Services

  • Operating systems provide an environment for running programs and services for users
  • A single set of OS services offers functions helpful for the user
  • User interfaces vary across operating systems, including command-line interfaces (CLI), graphical user interfaces (GUI), and batch interfaces
  • Programs need to load into memory, execute, and end, either normally or due to errors
  • I/O operations may involve files or I/O devices

System Calls

  • System calls are mechanisms or programs in the OS (Shell) used to provide OS services from the kernel
  • Users access OS services through system calls
  • Typically written in high-level languages like C or C++
  • High-level programs often use Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) instead of direct system calls
  • Common APIs include Win32 API for Windows, POSIX API for Unix-like systems, and Java API for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Example System Call Sequence

  • A sequence of system calls is used to copy a file's contents
  • Process starts by acquiring the source and destination file names
  • Prompts are displayed to the screen
  • Input is acquired from the user (names of the files)
  • The input file is opened, and an error is handled if it does not exist
  • An output file is created. If one already exists, the system aborts
  • The process reads from the input file and writes to the output file
  • The process closes both files and notifies the user of completion

System Call Implementation

  • A number is associated with each system call
  • The system-call interface has a table indexed according to these numbers
  • The system-call interface invokes the intended kernel system call (and returns status, along with return values)
  • The caller does not need to know the system call implementation details
  • API hides most details of the OS interface from programmers
  • Run-time support libraries manage system calls

API-System Call-OS Relations

  • User mode applications use APIs to call functions
  • The API calls system calls within the kernel
  • Parameters may be passed in registers or memory blocks to system calls
  • The approach depends on the OS
  • Parameters passed via registers is a simpler method
  • Passing parameters through memory blocks is a more complex method used in Linux and Solaris

Types of System Calls

  • Process Control: Process creation, termination, loading, executing, getting/setting attributes, waiting for events, signals, timeouts
  • File Manipulation: Creating, deleting, opening, closing, reading from, writing to, repositioning files, managing file attributes
  • Device Management: Requesting, releasing, reading from, writing to, repositioning devices, managing device attributes, attaching/detaching devices
  • Information Maintenance: Getting/setting time, date, system data, process/file/device attributes
  • Communication: Creating, deleting communication connections, sending/receiving messages, shared memory, transferring status information, remote device connections
  • Protection: Access control, getting/setting permissions, allowing/denying user access

Examples of Windows and Unix System Calls

  • The table lists examples of System calls used in Windows and Unix

System Programs

  • System programs offer a convenient way for developing and executing programs
  • They could be straightforward or highly complex
  • Specific system programs handle files (creating, deleting, copying, etc), status information (date, disk usage, etc,), loading and executing programs, communications, and background services (processes running in the background)
  • Application programs are often considered part of the OS's user interface and are not part of the system programs

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