Operating Systems Chapter 3: Processes & Threads

<p>Binding by identifier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applets require careful protection of local resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes have independent memory space while threads share memory space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threads enable overlapping communication with local processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High context switching time between threads. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agent technology is solely dependent on client-server interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances performance by exploiting parallelism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain information about each process's state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When tasks involve long periods of waiting for I/O operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Registered ports must be registered with IANA to prevent duplication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To track and provide endpoints of services on the collocated server. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The server will assume the client has crashed and tear down the connection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic ports are neither controlled nor registered by IANA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forks a process to handle requests while conserving server resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The server processes the out-of-bound data before any other data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Port 53 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic ports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IANA assigns and controls well-known ports for standard services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for parallelism with nonblocking system calls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Window manager (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances distribution transparency and reduces server load. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is inherently difficult to manage state transitions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows for concurrent processing of requests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandwidth reduction techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage data processing and transaction management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compensate for latency issues during data transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X Window System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not keep any information about its clients' states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collection of machines connected through a network that runs multiple servers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A failure of a single access point can make the entire cluster unavailable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce demand on heavily-loaded machines by distributing processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of the code segment with some initialization data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can return multiple addresses for the same host name to enhance resilience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Code segment, resource segment, and execution segment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It minimizes communication expenses by co-locating the database with the application. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot recover data if there is a server crash. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The current execution state such as the stack, program counter, and private data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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A process is a program in execution. It runs independently from other processes and has its own resources like memory space, open files, etc.

Processes are managed and scheduled by the operating system (OS) to ensure they don't interfere with each other. Managing resources and switching between processes takes time.

Threads are lightweight units of execution within a process. Multiple threads can run concurrently within the same process, sharing resources like memory and files.

Each thread has its own program counter, registers, and stack, but they share the same address space as other threads in the process.

Threads enhance performance by overlapping communication and local processing. This allows for more efficient use of system resources.

Threads can be used in both distributed (across multiple computers) and non-distributed (on a single computer) systems.

A process has a single thread of control and its own address space, while multiple threads can exist within the same process, sharing the address space.

Ports assigned and controlled by IANA for common services, like DNS using port 53.

A server architecture that handles requests without blocking, instead tracking the state of ongoing requests and moving to the next one.

A mechanism for managing multiple tasks within a single program, allowing for parallelism.

Ports that are not assigned or controlled by IANA but can be registered to avoid duplicates, like MySQL using port 3306.

Ports that are neither controlled nor registered by IANA and are used dynamically by applications.

The system's ability to execute multiple tasks concurrently, usually achieved through threads or a finite-state machine.

A method used by servers to handle requests by directly processing them or utilizing a cache, storing the request state and then proceeding to the next request.

A program that listens on a well-known port and manages connections to other services on the same server.

A graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to interact with a remote server by providing a visual interface for managing applications and information.

A process that listens on a well-known port and manages connections to various services. When a connection request arrives, it creates a separate process to handle that request.

The part of the X Window System that directly interacts with hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

A method where a client first contacts a daemon, which provides the endpoint of the desired service, and then the client connects directly to the service.

A library that provides a way for applications to interact with the X Kernel, enabling communication between the GUI and the underlying hardware.

A method where a superserver listens on all ports and then forks a new process for each incoming connection to handle the request.

The process of interrupting a connection between a client and server. It can be done either by terminating the client application or by sending out-of-bound data.

A special application responsible for managing the overall look and feel of the user interface on a screen.

Data sent by a client to a server to request a specific action, often before sending any regular data.

Software components that execute on the client-side to assist with tasks like user interface interaction, processing, and data management.

A special type of connection in TCP that allows sending urgent data. It is typically used by clients to send data quickly without waiting for regular data to be sent.

A server that doesn't store information about client interactions. Each request is treated independently, like a website.

A server that keeps track of client interactions and remembers previous requests. An example is a file server where you can modify a file and have your changes saved.

A server that temporarily stores client information for a limited time. Once the time expires, the client needs to refresh the information.

A group of interconnected computers working together to handle requests. It's like a team of servers collaborating to provide a service.

A server cluster logically organized into three layers: presentation, application, and data. This structure allows for clear separation of responsibilities.

A group of servers that can be accessed through multiple entry points. This ensures high availability and redundancy in case of a failure.

The act of transferring running programs between different computers, including their state, environment variables, and execution context.

Moving a running program to a server to improve performance by taking advantage of the server's resources and reducing communication overhead.

Moving a program to a server to take advantage of parallelism, allowing multiple processes to run simultaneously for better efficiency.

The ability to dynamically change the configuration of a distributed system by moving code or resources. This provides flexibility and adaptation to changing needs.

Transferring code and execution segments to a different machine, allowing a running process to be moved and resumed.

The machine where the code resides initiates the migration process. Code is uploaded to a server, often requiring authentication.

The target machine initiates the migration process. This is common with Java Applets, where the browser requests code from the server.

A resource is referenced by its unique identifier, which is essential for the process to use it. Examples include a URL for a website or an IP address for an FTP server.

The process requires only a resource of a specific type, not a particular instance. This often happens with standard libraries like C or Java, that can vary in their file system location.