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What is the primary role of an operating system in a computer?
What is the primary role of an operating system in a computer?
Which of the following accurately describes device drivers?
Which of the following accurately describes device drivers?
Which component is NOT considered a hardware part of a computer?
Which component is NOT considered a hardware part of a computer?
What type of user interface interacts with the operating system by accepting user input?
What type of user interface interacts with the operating system by accepting user input?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of operating system software?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of operating system software?
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What is the primary role of the Linux kernel?
What is the primary role of the Linux kernel?
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Which of the following features allows multiple users to access the Linux operating system simultaneously?
Which of the following features allows multiple users to access the Linux operating system simultaneously?
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What does the graphical user interface (GUI) of an operating system allow users to do?
What does the graphical user interface (GUI) of an operating system allow users to do?
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Which task is NOT associated with system services in an operating system?
Which task is NOT associated with system services in an operating system?
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Why is it important to understand Linux kernel version numbers?
Why is it important to understand Linux kernel version numbers?
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What does an odd minor number in a Linux kernel version indicate?
What does an odd minor number in a Linux kernel version indicate?
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Which of the following statements is true about Open Source Software (OSS)?
Which of the following statements is true about Open Source Software (OSS)?
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What does the GNU Public License (GPL) require regarding the source code?
What does the GNU Public License (GPL) require regarding the source code?
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What is one implication of the rapidly collaborative development of OSS?
What is one implication of the rapidly collaborative development of OSS?
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Which part of the kernel version indicates the major revision to the Linux kernel?
Which part of the kernel version indicates the major revision to the Linux kernel?
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What is a key characteristic of Artistic License in open source software (OSS)?
What is a key characteristic of Artistic License in open source software (OSS)?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of closed source license?
Which of the following is NOT a type of closed source license?
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What advantage do OSS products have compared to closed source software in terms of vendor support?
What advantage do OSS products have compared to closed source software in terms of vendor support?
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Which of the following categories of software is commonly available for Linux?
Which of the following categories of software is commonly available for Linux?
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How does open source software (OSS) enhance stability and security?
How does open source software (OSS) enhance stability and security?
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All software components used to control the hardware of the computer are classified as applications.
All software components used to control the hardware of the computer are classified as applications.
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Device drivers contain instructions that the OS uses to interact with specific hardware devices.
Device drivers contain instructions that the OS uses to interact with specific hardware devices.
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The user interface can only be a command line prompt and cannot include graphical elements.
The user interface can only be a command line prompt and cannot include graphical elements.
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The CPU is part of the hardware components that make up a computer system.
The CPU is part of the hardware components that make up a computer system.
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Operating systems facilitate user interaction with applications through the user interface.
Operating systems facilitate user interaction with applications through the user interface.
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Linux has the ability to manage several tasks at the same time, indicating it supports multitasking.
Linux has the ability to manage several tasks at the same time, indicating it supports multitasking.
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The component of an operating system that users interact with through a keyboard or mouse is known as the command line interface (CLI).
The component of an operating system that users interact with through a keyboard or mouse is known as the command line interface (CLI).
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The core part of the Linux operating system is referred to as the Linux kernel, which is primarily written in the Python programming language.
The core part of the Linux operating system is referred to as the Linux kernel, which is primarily written in the Python programming language.
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A key feature of Linux is its multi-user capability, which allows multiple users to access the system at the same time.
A key feature of Linux is its multi-user capability, which allows multiple users to access the system at the same time.
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System services in an operating system handle tasks such as scheduling programs and gaining network access.
System services in an operating system handle tasks such as scheduling programs and gaining network access.
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An odd minor number in a Linux kernel version indicates that it is a production kernel.
An odd minor number in a Linux kernel version indicates that it is a production kernel.
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Open Source Software (OSS) is licensed so that the source code must be freely available to anyone.
Open Source Software (OSS) is licensed so that the source code must be freely available to anyone.
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The revision number in a Linux kernel version is the most significant number indicating stability.
The revision number in a Linux kernel version is the most significant number indicating stability.
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The GNU Public License (GPL) requires modifications to the source code to be redistributed under the same terms.
The GNU Public License (GPL) requires modifications to the source code to be redistributed under the same terms.
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Software developed under OSS can prioritize price over usefulness.
Software developed under OSS can prioritize price over usefulness.
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Artistic license allows the original author to reject any changes made to the source code.
Artistic license allows the original author to reject any changes made to the source code.
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Freeware software provides access to its source code for modifications.
Freeware software provides access to its source code for modifications.
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Closed source software can be both sold commercially and distributed for free.
Closed source software can be both sold commercially and distributed for free.
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Open source software allows for quicker identification and fixing of bugs due to collaborative efforts.
Open source software allows for quicker identification and fixing of bugs due to collaborative efforts.
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Linux requires recompilation of the kernel to use it as an Internet Web server.
Linux requires recompilation of the kernel to use it as an Internet Web server.
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Study Notes
Operating Systems
- Computers have two fundamental components: hardware and software.
- Hardware refers to the physical components inside a computer.
- Software is a set of instructions or programs that allow hardware components to manipulate data.
Hardware Components
- Processor (CPU)
- Physical memory (RAM)
- Hard disk drives
- CD and DVD drives
- Flash memory card readers (SD cards)
- Sound cards
- Video cards
- Circuit boards
Types of Programs
- Applications (apps): programs designed for a specific use and with which a user interacts.
- Operating system (OS) software: software components used to control the hardware of the computer.
Operating System Functionality
- Device driver: software containing instructions that the OS uses to control and interact with a specific device.
- User interface: an application program that accepts user input, processes it through the OS, and presents results to the user. Can be a command line prompt or a graphical user interface (GUI).
- System services: applications that handle system-related tasks, such as printing, scheduling programs, and gaining network access.
Linux Operating System
- Linux is an operating system (OS) that runs on a variety of applications and different hardware components.
- It supports multitasking, enabling thousands of tasks to run simultaneously.
- It supports multi-user access, allowing multiple users to access the system concurrently.
Linux Kernel Versions
- The core component of Linux is the kernel, written mainly in the C programming language.
- While software can modify Linux's appearance, the kernel is consistent across versions.
- Kernel versions have major, minor, and revision numbers.
- Odd minor numbers are developmental kernels (less stable) and even minor numbers are production kernels (more stable).
Licensing of Linux
- Linux is open-source software (OSS).
- OSS programs have their source code available for anyone to examine, utilize, or improve upon.
- Source code refers to the list of instructions that make up a program.
- Source code format and structure adhere to programming language rules.
- OSS development is rapid through widespread collaboration.
- Software bugs are quickly noted and fixed.
- Software features evolve based on user needs, increasing perceived value.
Linux Advantages
- Risk Reduction: OSS products allow maintaining and altering the source code, reducing risks of costly software changes and support issues.
- Meeting Business Needs: Common software for Linux includes scientific, engineering, web server, browser, e-commerce, desktop productivity, graphics manipulation, database, and security software.
- Stability and Security: The collaborative open-source approach allows for quick identification and correction of bugs and security loopholes.
- Ease of Customization: Ability to control inner workings of the OS, recompiling kernels to use only needed support functionality. Ability to install only necessary software packages, using languages like shell and PERL to customize or automate tasks.
- Cost Reduction: Linux is less expensive than other OSS. There is no cost associated with acquiring the software, and a wealth of OSS can run on a variety of hardware platforms. The largest cost is associated with hiring personnel to maintain the system.
UNIX
- UNIX evolved from Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (MULTICS).
- UNIX was the first true multitasking and multi-user operating system.
- UNIX was rewritten in the C programming language for increased portability.
- AT&T sold the UNIX source code to different companies, leading to various versions (flavors) with shared standards.
Common Flavors of UNIX
- Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) - a version of original UNIX source code.
- Modern varieties include Oracle's Solaris (formerly SUN Microsystem's), Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, IBM's AIX UNIX, and Apple's Macintosh OS X and iOS.
Linux Distributions
- Linux is a by-product of open-source software development.
- Linux distributions: a collection of software including the Linux kernel, libraries, and add-on software specific to a certain use. Examples are Red Hat, SuSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and TurboLinux.
Common Uses of Linux
- Customization for various company needs.
- Workstation Services: services used on a local computer.
- Server Services: services made available for other computers across a network.
- Configurations commonly used include Internet servers, file and print servers, application servers, cloud systems, supercomputers, scientific workstations, office/personal workstations, and mobile devices.
Additional Summary
- Linux is an operating system with a shared kernel that is modified and improved by a large community.
- It is open source software (OSS), published under the GNU Public License.
- Companies find Linux to be a versatile alternative to other systems.
- Available in multiple distributions, all having a shared kernel, but with varying additional applications (OSS).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental roles of operating systems, focusing on the Linux kernel and its functionalities. This quiz covers user interfaces, device drivers, and important features of operating systems, along with open-source software principles. Perfect for computer science students looking to reinforce their understanding of OS concepts.
