Introduction to Linux Operating Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between a terminal and a shell?

  • A terminal is a software that runs commands, and a shell is a graphical interface you interact with.
  • A terminal and a shell are the same thing.
  • A terminal is a type of shell, and a shell is a type of terminal.
  • A shell is a software that runs commands, and a terminal is a graphical interface you interact with. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common Linux shell?

  • Bash
  • Zsh
  • Fish
  • PowerShell (correct)

What is the default shell for most Linux distributions?

  • PowerShell
  • Zsh
  • Fish
  • Bash (correct)

What shell is likely being used by someone using the MacOS operating system?

<p>Zsh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the author's preference for using a Linux operating system?

<p>The author enjoys playing with Linux related things. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Linux kernel?

<p>To manage the communication between the hardware and software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations is NOT involved in maintaining the Linux kernel?

<p>Apple (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'distro' in the context of Linux operating systems?

<p>A complete Linux operating system including the kernel and other software components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a task handled by the Linux kernel?

<p>Creating and managing new files (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a server and desktop edition of a Linux-based OS?

<p>Server editions prioritize security and stability, while desktop editions prioritize user-friendliness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of working in a terminal environment?

<p>Easier access to graphical applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using the terminal instead of a graphical interface in a server environment?

<p>Graphical interfaces consume more system resources and can be less secure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created the Git version control system?

<p>Linus Torvalds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Terminal

An interface that allows users to interact with the shell.

Shell

Software that executes commands entered in the terminal.

Bash

The most common shell in Linux operating systems, often default.

Zsh

A shell often used in MacOS and popular among Linux users.

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Fish

An alternative shell that focuses on user-friendliness and interactivity.

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Linux

A family of operating systems that use the Linux kernel.

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Linux Kernel

The core component of a Linux OS managing hardware and processes.

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Linus Torvalds

The creator of the Linux kernel and Git.

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Linux Distribution

A Linux operating system packaged with additional software.

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Memory Management

Tracking the memory usage in a computer system.

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Process Management

Determining CPU access for processes and their duration.

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Server vs Desktop

Differences in installed software between server and desktop editions.

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Study Notes

What is Linux?

  • Linux is a family of operating systems based on the Linux kernel.
  • The Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
  • Linus Torvalds also created Git, which is used for managing the Linux kernel.
  • Today, thousands of people and organizations contribute to the kernel's maintenance, including Microsoft, Amazon, and Google.
  • A Linux operating system also includes additional software, such as GNU utilities, a system initialization program (e.g., openrc or systemd), and application software for different purposes (e.g., desktop, web servers).
  • A Linux operating system is often called a distribution or "distro"; Ubuntu is an example.
  • The Linux kernel is the core component of the operating system, acting as the communication bridge between hardware and software.
  • The four main functions of the Linux kernel are:
    • Memory management: Tracking allocated memory
    • Process management: Managing CPU allocation for processes
    • Device drivers: Linking hardware with processes
    • System calls and security: Handling process requests.

Server vs. Desktop Linux

  • Many Linux distributions have server and desktop editions.
  • This course focuses on server editions, mainly using a terminal interface.
  • Server and desktop editions primarily differ in installed software, with server editions lacking a desktop environment.
  • Terminal use is essential for server administration & development.
  • Practice using the terminal for common tasks (e.g., directory creation) to improve proficiency.

Terminal vs. Shell

  • A terminal is the user interface, the window you see.
  • The shell is the software interpreting commands typed in the terminal.
  • Examples are PowerShell (Windows) and ZSH (Linux, MacOS).
  • This course will use the Bash shell. Bash is standard, default for many systems, making it ideal for learning.

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