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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an Operating System?
What is the primary function of an Operating System?
What is one of the key objectives of an Operating System?
What is one of the key objectives of an Operating System?
How does the Operating System manage computer resources?
How does the Operating System manage computer resources?
What does the Operating System conceal from users?
What does the Operating System conceal from users?
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What is the result of the Operating System's efficient management of system tasks?
What is the result of the Operating System's efficient management of system tasks?
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How does the Operating System simplify interactions between user programs and hardware?
How does the Operating System simplify interactions between user programs and hardware?
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What is the Operating System responsible for?
What is the Operating System responsible for?
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What is the outcome of the Operating System's efficient interaction between software and hardware?
What is the outcome of the Operating System's efficient interaction between software and hardware?
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Which of the following is a notable version of the Mac OS?
Which of the following is a notable version of the Mac OS?
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Which operating system is commonly used in servers and enterprise environments?
Which operating system is commonly used in servers and enterprise environments?
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Which of the following is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?
Which of the following is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?
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Which operating system is commonly used in mobile devices?
Which operating system is commonly used in mobile devices?
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Which of the following is a notable distribution of Linux?
Which of the following is a notable distribution of Linux?
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Which operating system is commonly used in Networking and Internet environments?
Which operating system is commonly used in Networking and Internet environments?
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Which of the following is a notable version of Windows?
Which of the following is a notable version of Windows?
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Which of the following is a Cloud and Virtualization Operating System?
Which of the following is a Cloud and Virtualization Operating System?
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Which operating system from the third generation was developed for the IBM System/360?
Which operating system from the third generation was developed for the IBM System/360?
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What is the primary characteristic of operating systems in the fourth generation?
What is the primary characteristic of operating systems in the fourth generation?
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Which of these operating systems is NOT from the third generation?
Which of these operating systems is NOT from the third generation?
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What does the abbreviation 'MULTICS' stand for?
What does the abbreviation 'MULTICS' stand for?
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Which operating system was a major innovation in the third generation due to its support for multi-user and multiprogramming capabilities?
Which operating system was a major innovation in the third generation due to its support for multi-user and multiprogramming capabilities?
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What significant development in operating systems marked the fourth generation?
What significant development in operating systems marked the fourth generation?
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What is the main advantage of a modular kernel in operating systems?
What is the main advantage of a modular kernel in operating systems?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a virtual machine?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virtual machine?
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How does an operating system enable multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor?
How does an operating system enable multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor?
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What is the main challenge in implementing virtual disc systems for virtual machines?
What is the main challenge in implementing virtual disc systems for virtual machines?
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Which of the following is NOT a system service provided by an operating system?
Which of the following is NOT a system service provided by an operating system?
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What is the purpose of system calls in an operating system?
What is the purpose of system calls in an operating system?
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What is the role of system programs in an operating system?
What is the role of system programs in an operating system?
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What is the purpose of the system boot process?
What is the purpose of the system boot process?
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What is a primary role of system services in an operating system?
What is a primary role of system services in an operating system?
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Which system service is responsible for managing secure shell (SSH) connections?
Which system service is responsible for managing secure shell (SSH) connections?
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Why is proper management of system services crucial?
Why is proper management of system services crucial?
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Which of the following is NOT a common system call?
Which of the following is NOT a common system call?
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What function does the exec system call perform?
What function does the exec system call perform?
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What is the role of the cron system service?
What is the role of the cron system service?
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Which system call would you use to read data from a file?
Which system call would you use to read data from a file?
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What could improper configuration of SSHD lead to?
What could improper configuration of SSHD lead to?
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Study Notes
What is an Operating System?
- An operating system (OS) is an interface between the user and the hardware.
- It provides an environment for the user to perform tasks conveniently and efficiently.
- The OS is responsible for executing processes, resource allocation, CPU management, file management, and other tasks.
Objectives of Operating Systems
- Efficiency: The OS enhances production efficiency by handling system tasks and conflicts between programs and users.
- Hardware abstraction: The OS conceals hardware details from users, allowing them to utilize computer hardware without dealing with complexities.
Types of Operating Systems
- IBM System/360 and OS/360
- MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
- UNIX
- CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System)
- TOPS-10 and TOPS-20
- RT-11
- RSX-11
- MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage)
The Evolution of Operating System
- Fourth generation (1980-now): The OS is used for computer networks, users are aware of connected computers, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) has begun.
- Influential and widely-used operating systems from the fourth generation:
- Personal Computer Operating Systems: MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux
- Embedded Operating Systems: VxWorks, QNX
- Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): RTLinux, FreeRTOS
- Networking and Internet Operating Systems: Cisco IOS, Juniper Junos
- Cloud and Virtualization Operating Systems: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Kubernetes
- Mobile Operating Systems: iOS, Android
Operating System Structure
- Modular structure: A modular kernel with core components and dynamically loadable modules.
- Example: Solaris OS is organized in a modular structure.
Virtual Machines
- A virtual machine abstracts the hardware of a personal computer, including CPU, disc drives, RAM, and NIC.
- It gives the impression of multiple execution environments, each with its own computer.
- Virtual machine technique uses CPU scheduling and virtual memory techniques to run multiple processes concurrently.
Operating System Operations
System Services
- System services are background processes that run continuously to provide core functionalities for the operating system.
- Examples: init/systemd, cron, sshd.
- They manage hardware, execute applications, and provide networking services and connections.
Systems Calls
- System calls are the interface between user programs and the operating system.
- They allow user-level processes to request services from the kernel.
- Common system calls include: open, read, write, fork, exec, wait, exit.
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Description
Test your knowledge of operating systems, including types, evolution, structure, and operations. Covers system services, system calls, and system programs.