Operating System Unit-1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an Operating System?

To provide an interface between the user and the hardware (correct)
To install hardware devices
To manage the computer's power supply
To design software applications

What is one of the key objectives of an Operating System?

To decrease user time
To reduce computer hardware
To enhance production efficiency (correct)
To increase production cost

How does the Operating System manage computer resources?

By allocating resources to users randomly
By prioritizing user tasks based on importance
By handling system tasks such as resource allocation and conflict resolution (correct)
By shutting down the computer

What does the Operating System conceal from users?

Intricate hardware details (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Operating System's efficient management of system tasks?

Savings in user time (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Operating System simplify interactions between user programs and hardware?

By acting as an intermediary between user programs and hardware (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Operating System responsible for?

Executing all processes, resource allocation, CPU management, file management, and many other tasks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the Operating System's efficient interaction between software and hardware?

More efficient overall performance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a notable version of the Mac OS?

Mac OS X (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system is commonly used in servers and enterprise environments?

Linux (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?

FreeRTOS (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system is commonly used in mobile devices?

Android (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a notable distribution of Linux?

Debian (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system is commonly used in Networking and Internet environments?

Cisco IOS (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a notable version of Windows?

Windows XP (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Cloud and Virtualization Operating System?

VMware ESXi (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system from the third generation was developed for the IBM System/360?

OS/360 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of operating systems in the fourth generation?

Focusing on distributed computing and graphical user interfaces (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these operating systems is NOT from the third generation?

Windows 95 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'MULTICS' stand for?

Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system was a major innovation in the third generation due to its support for multi-user and multiprogramming capabilities?

MULTICS (C) Signup and view all the answers

What significant development in operating systems marked the fourth generation?

The rise of distributed computing and graphical user interfaces (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a modular kernel in operating systems?

It is more flexible than a layered kernel. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a virtual machine?

Network Interface Card (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does an operating system enable multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor?

By using a time-sharing technique. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in implementing virtual disc systems for virtual machines?

Managing the allocation of disk space for virtual discs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a system service provided by an operating system?

Web Browser (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of system calls in an operating system?

To provide a way for applications to access system resources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of system programs in an operating system?

To provide utility functions for system administration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the system boot process?

To initialize the hardware and load the operating system into memory. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of system services in an operating system?

To provide core functionalities and manage system resources (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which system service is responsible for managing secure shell (SSH) connections?

sshd (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper management of system services crucial?

It ensures security, performance, and reliability of the system. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common system call?

schedule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What function does the exec system call perform?

Replaces the current process image with a new one (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cron system service?

To schedule tasks to run at specified times (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which system call would you use to read data from a file?

read (A) Signup and view all the answers

What could improper configuration of SSHD lead to?

Unauthorized access to the system (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

What is an Operating System?

An operating system (OS) is an interface between the user and the hardware.
It provides an environment for the user to perform tasks conveniently and efficiently.
The OS is responsible for executing processes, resource allocation, CPU management, file management, and other tasks.

Objectives of Operating Systems

Efficiency: The OS enhances production efficiency by handling system tasks and conflicts between programs and users.
Hardware abstraction: The OS conceals hardware details from users, allowing them to utilize computer hardware without dealing with complexities.

Types of Operating Systems

IBM System/360 and OS/360
MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
UNIX
CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System)
TOPS-10 and TOPS-20
RT-11
RSX-11
MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage)

The Evolution of Operating System

Fourth generation (1980-now): The OS is used for computer networks, users are aware of connected computers, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) has begun.
Influential and widely-used operating systems from the fourth generation:
- Personal Computer Operating Systems: MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux
- Embedded Operating Systems: VxWorks, QNX
- Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): RTLinux, FreeRTOS
- Networking and Internet Operating Systems: Cisco IOS, Juniper Junos
- Cloud and Virtualization Operating Systems: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Kubernetes
- Mobile Operating Systems: iOS, Android

Operating System Structure

Modular structure: A modular kernel with core components and dynamically loadable modules.
Example: Solaris OS is organized in a modular structure.

Virtual Machines

A virtual machine abstracts the hardware of a personal computer, including CPU, disc drives, RAM, and NIC.
It gives the impression of multiple execution environments, each with its own computer.
Virtual machine technique uses CPU scheduling and virtual memory techniques to run multiple processes concurrently.

Operating System Operations

System Services

System services are background processes that run continuously to provide core functionalities for the operating system.
Examples: init/systemd, cron, sshd.
They manage hardware, execute applications, and provide networking services and connections.

Systems Calls

System calls are the interface between user programs and the operating system.
They allow user-level processes to request services from the kernel.
Common system calls include: open, read, write, fork, exec, wait, exit.

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