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Operating System Unit-1
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Operating System Unit-1

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@EfficaciousSodalite9132

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an Operating System?

  • To provide an interface between the user and the hardware (correct)
  • To install hardware devices
  • To manage the computer's power supply
  • To design software applications

    • What is one of the key objectives of an Operating System?

  • To decrease user time
  • To reduce computer hardware
  • To enhance production efficiency (correct)
  • To increase production cost

    • How does the Operating System manage computer resources?

  • By allocating resources to users randomly
  • By prioritizing user tasks based on importance
  • By handling system tasks such as resource allocation and conflict resolution (correct)
  • By shutting down the computer

    • What does the Operating System conceal from users?

    <p>Intricate hardware details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Operating System's efficient management of system tasks?

    <p>Savings in user time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Operating System simplify interactions between user programs and hardware?

    <p>By acting as an intermediary between user programs and hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Operating System responsible for?

    <p>Executing all processes, resource allocation, CPU management, file management, and many other tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the Operating System's efficient interaction between software and hardware?

    <p>More efficient overall performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a notable version of the Mac OS?

    <p>Mac OS X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is commonly used in servers and enterprise environments?

    <p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?

    <p>FreeRTOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is commonly used in mobile devices?

    <p>Android</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a notable distribution of Linux?

    <p>Debian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is commonly used in Networking and Internet environments?

    <p>Cisco IOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a notable version of Windows?

    <p>Windows XP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Cloud and Virtualization Operating System?

    <p>VMware ESXi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system from the third generation was developed for the IBM System/360?

    <p>OS/360</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of operating systems in the fourth generation?

    <p>Focusing on distributed computing and graphical user interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these operating systems is NOT from the third generation?

    <p>Windows 95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'MULTICS' stand for?

    <p>Multiplexed Information and Computing Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system was a major innovation in the third generation due to its support for multi-user and multiprogramming capabilities?

    <p>MULTICS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development in operating systems marked the fourth generation?

    <p>The rise of distributed computing and graphical user interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a modular kernel in operating systems?

    <p>It is more flexible than a layered kernel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a virtual machine?

    <p>Network Interface Card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an operating system enable multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor?

    <p>By using a time-sharing technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in implementing virtual disc systems for virtual machines?

    <p>Managing the allocation of disk space for virtual discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a system service provided by an operating system?

    <p>Web Browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of system calls in an operating system?

    <p>To provide a way for applications to access system resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of system programs in an operating system?

    <p>To provide utility functions for system administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the system boot process?

    <p>To initialize the hardware and load the operating system into memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of system services in an operating system?

    <p>To provide core functionalities and manage system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system service is responsible for managing secure shell (SSH) connections?

    <p>sshd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is proper management of system services crucial?

    <p>It ensures security, performance, and reliability of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common system call?

    <p>schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the exec system call perform?

    <p>Replaces the current process image with a new one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cron system service?

    <p>To schedule tasks to run at specified times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system call would you use to read data from a file?

    <p>read</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could improper configuration of SSHD lead to?

    <p>Unauthorized access to the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is an Operating System?

    • An operating system (OS) is an interface between the user and the hardware.
    • It provides an environment for the user to perform tasks conveniently and efficiently.
    • The OS is responsible for executing processes, resource allocation, CPU management, file management, and other tasks.

    Objectives of Operating Systems

    • Efficiency: The OS enhances production efficiency by handling system tasks and conflicts between programs and users.
    • Hardware abstraction: The OS conceals hardware details from users, allowing them to utilize computer hardware without dealing with complexities.

    Types of Operating Systems

    • IBM System/360 and OS/360
    • MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
    • UNIX
    • CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System)
    • TOPS-10 and TOPS-20
    • RT-11
    • RSX-11
    • MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage)

    The Evolution of Operating System

    • Fourth generation (1980-now): The OS is used for computer networks, users are aware of connected computers, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) has begun.
    • Influential and widely-used operating systems from the fourth generation:
      • Personal Computer Operating Systems: MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux
      • Embedded Operating Systems: VxWorks, QNX
      • Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): RTLinux, FreeRTOS
      • Networking and Internet Operating Systems: Cisco IOS, Juniper Junos
      • Cloud and Virtualization Operating Systems: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Kubernetes
      • Mobile Operating Systems: iOS, Android

    Operating System Structure

    • Modular structure: A modular kernel with core components and dynamically loadable modules.
    • Example: Solaris OS is organized in a modular structure.

    Virtual Machines

    • A virtual machine abstracts the hardware of a personal computer, including CPU, disc drives, RAM, and NIC.
    • It gives the impression of multiple execution environments, each with its own computer.
    • Virtual machine technique uses CPU scheduling and virtual memory techniques to run multiple processes concurrently.

    Operating System Operations

    System Services

    • System services are background processes that run continuously to provide core functionalities for the operating system.
    • Examples: init/systemd, cron, sshd.
    • They manage hardware, execute applications, and provide networking services and connections.

    Systems Calls

    • System calls are the interface between user programs and the operating system.
    • They allow user-level processes to request services from the kernel.
    • Common system calls include: open, read, write, fork, exec, wait, exit.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of operating systems, including types, evolution, structure, and operations. Covers system services, system calls, and system programs.

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