Operating System Structures - Chapter 2
49 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the two types of services that operating systems provide?

Operating systems provide services for the user and services for the efficient operation of the system itself.

What are the three main user interface types?

  • Batch Interface (correct)
  • Direct Interface
  • Graphical User Interface (correct)
  • Command-line (correct)

    • What is a command interpreter known as in systems with multiple command interpreters?

    Shell

    The main function of the command interpreter is to interpret and execute the next user-specified command.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interface is user-friendly and utilizes a desktop metaphor for interaction?

    <p>Graphical User Interface, or GUI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of GUI interfaces?

    <p>Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, Unix and Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Touchscreen interfaces are designed to be used primarily with a mouse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the programming interface to services provided by the operating system known as?

    <p>System calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System calls are typically written in a high-level language, such as C or C++.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the file descriptor parameter in the read function?

    <p>int fd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 6 major categories of system calls?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System programs provide a user-friendly environment for program development and execution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All system programs are equally complex and require a deep understanding of system calls and kernel functionality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the categories that system programs are divided into?

    <p>File manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the operating system structure that is designed to be simple and efficient?

    <p>Monolithic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three examples of operating systems that use the monolithic structure?

    <p>MS-DOS, UNIX, and Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layered approach to operating system structure relies on what concept?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the operating system structure that aims to move as much functionality as possible into user space?

    <p>Microkernel structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some benefits of a microkernel structure?

    <p>Easier to extend, easier to port, more reliable, and more secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary drawback of a microkernel structure?

    <p>Performance overhead of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most modern operating systems implement a loadable kernel module structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach used when operating systems combine different structures to address the specific needs?

    <p>Hybrid system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operating system is considered a hybrid system due to its monolithic base and modular functionality?

    <p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mac OS X and iOS both use a hybrid system structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the kernel used in Mac OS X?

    <p>Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Android is based on the iOS kernel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the libraries included in the Android runtime environment?

    <p>SQLite, OpenGL, surface manager, media framework, and libc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virtual machine used by Android?

    <p>Dalvik virtual machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apps developed for Android are typically written in Python.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the system is powered on, where does execution typically begin?

    <p>Firmware ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bootstrap loader, and what is its function?

    <p>A bootstrap loader is a small program that loads the operating system kernel into memory and starts its execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GRUB is a common bootstrap loader that supports the selection of a kernel from multiple disks and versions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of the system after the kernel has been loaded?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne wrote "Operating System Concepts" 9th Edition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of services provided by operating systems?

    <p>Services that are helpful to the user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three common user interface types for operating systems?

    <p>Graphical User Interface (GUI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the program that interprets and runs commands entered by the user in a command-line interface?

    <p>Shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metaphor used in a graphical user interface?

    <p>Desktop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The original UNIX operating system had extensive structuring and was not limited by hardware functionality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common API used for accessing operating system services?

    <p>C++ API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a system call?

    <p>Provide a programming interface between user programs and the operating system kernel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical category of system calls?

    <p>Network security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System programs are always simple user interfaces to system calls.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is characterized by its simple structure, often used for early operating systems like MS-DOS?

    <p>Monolithic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is known for its modularity, allowing for flexible expansion and separation of responsibilities?

    <p>Layered approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is characterized by a small kernel that primarily handles essential functions, communicating with other modules through message passing?

    <p>Microkernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modern operating systems rarely adopt a single, strictly defined structure and instead use a combination of structures, resulting in a hybrid system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the firmware in ROM that holds the initial boot code for a computer system?

    <p>Bootstrap loader,</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of one popular bootstrap loader that allows selection of kernels from multiple disks and versions?

    <p>GRUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating System Structures - Chapter 2

    • Operating systems provide an environment for program execution and services to users and other systems.
    • Two main types of services are functions helpful to users, and functions for efficient system operation through resource sharing.
    • User interfaces come in various forms, like command-line interfaces (CLI) using text commands, graphics user interfaces (GUI) for window systems, and batch interfaces for entering commands in files.
    • System calls provide a programming interface to operating system services. These are often written in high-level languages like C or C++. They are typically accessed via application programming interfaces (APIs) instead of directly.
    • Common APIs include Win32 (Windows), POSIX (UNIX-like systems), and Java (JVM).
    • System calls can be categorized into process control, file manipulation, device manipulation, information maintenance, communication, and protection functions. Examples of Windows system calls include CreateProcess() and ExitProcess(). Unix equivalents include fork() and exit().
    • System programs make program development and execution easier, either acting as simple interfaces to system calls, or as complex programs like file manipulation tools, programming language support, program loading and execution, communications, and background services. These are the tools users typically see and interact with.
    • Operating system structures include monolithic structures (e.g., MS-DOS), layered structures, microkernels (e.g., Mach), and hybrid structures.

    Monolithic Structure (MS-DOS)

    • Designed for maximum functionality in minimal space.
    • Limited by underlying hardware.
    • Not divided into separate modules.
    • Interfaces and functionality levels are not well divided.

    Monolithic Structure (UNIX)

    • Consists of separate parts: a kernel and system programs.
    • The kernel sits below the system call interface and contains the core operating system functionality, including file systems, CPU scheduling, memory management.
    • System programs provide tools for user interaction and integration with the OS (shells, compilers).

    Layered Approach

    • Divides the operating system into layers built upon each other, with the lowest level representing the hardware.
    • Higher layers rely on lower layers for functionality, establishing an abstraction hierarchy.

    Microkernel Structure

    • The kernel is minimally sized.
    • Most functions are handled in user space, reducing the core's criticality.
    • Communication between different parts takes place using message passing.
    • Benefits include: extendability, portability, reliability, and security.
    • Performance overhead is often a drawback.

    Modular (Loadable Kernel Modules)

    • Modern systems use modular structures similar to layers in design, but more flexible.
    • Components are loaded and unloaded as needed.

    Hybrid Systems

    • Combine aspects of different structural approaches to address performance, security, and usability issues.
    • Linux is an example, combining monolithic and modular aspects for efficient program loading and kernel extension.
    • Other examples include Mac OS X and iOS, Android. These often incorporate numerous frameworks that interact with the basic kernel operations.

    System Boot Process

    • System execution begins at a fixed memory location after power-on.
    • Initial boot code resides in firmware ROM (or EEPROM).
    • A bootstrap loader, part of the firmware, loads the kernel into memory and starts it.
    • A common boot loader like GRUB allows selecting kernel versions and options.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of operating system structures through this quiz. Learn about user interfaces, system calls, and the various services provided by operating systems for program execution and resource sharing. Test your knowledge of APIs and their role in the operating system environment.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser