Operating System Process Management Quiz

Operating System (Process Point View)

• Processes transition through various states during their lifespan.
• States include: Submit, Hold, Ready, Run, Wait, and Complete.
• The Operating System manages these transitions.

Process States

• Ready State: The process is ready to be executed by the CPU if available.
• Run State: The process is actively using the CPU.
• Wait State: The process is paused waiting for an event to occur (e.g., input/output, paging).
• Submit State: The user initiates a process request to the system.
• Hold State: The system accepts the job request. It awaits resource allocation.
• Complete State: The execution of the job is finished.

Job Scheduler

• Transfers jobs from Submit to Hold state.
• Uses device and information management.
• Creates Process Control Blocks (PCBs).
• Uses memory management to allocate space.
• Makes entries into Process Control Blocks (PCBs).
• Requires Process scheduling.

Processor Management

• Manages CPU allocation to jobs.
• Locates programs in main memory.
• Stores CPU time and job status.
• Withdraws system resources.

Memory Management Schemes

• Single contiguous allocation
• Partitioned Allocation (Static and Dynamic)
• Relocatable partitioned allocation
• Paged Allocation
• Demand paged Allocation
• Segmented Allocation
• Segmented-paged allocation

Process Scheduling

• Levels: High (Job), Low (Processor), Intermediate
• High-level scheduler prioritizes which jobs to initiate.
• Low-level scheduler allocates the CPU to processes.
• Intermediate-level scheduler manages transitions between states.

Scheduling Criteria

• Maximize throughput
• Balance resource use
• Minimize overhead
• Predictability
• I/O bound vs. CPU bound processes.
• Batch vs. interactive mode
• Real-time vs. non-real-time
• Process priority
• Short/long jobs

Scheduling Algorithms

• FIFO: First-In, First-Out - Simple but may not be efficient for all workloads.
• Round Robin: Each job gets a time slice, then moves to the queue's tail. Aims for fairness.
• Shortest Job First (SJF): Favors jobs with shortest run times.
• Shortest Remaining Time (SRT): Preemptive version of SJF.
• Highest Response Ratio Next (HRN): Prioritizes jobs based on their waiting time and expected service time.

Other Considerations

• Preemptive vs. Non-preemptive: Whether a running process can be interrupted.
• Time slicing (quantum): The length of time a process runs before being preempted.

Test your understanding of process states in operating systems. This quiz covers key concepts such as transitions between states, job scheduling, and CPU management. Learn more about how operating systems optimize resource allocation.