25 Questions
What is a limitation of a single central processing unit (CPU)?
It can only execute one process at a time
What is a characteristic of multiprogramming operating systems?
They execute some commands from one process, then switch to another
How do multiprogramming operating systems handle multiple processes?
They execute some commands from each process in a sequence
Why do multiprogramming operating systems suspend a process?
To execute commands from another process
What is the benefits of multiprogramming operating systems?
To improve system performance by executing multiple processes
What happens to a transaction in the first case?
It is committed
What is the opposite of a committed transaction?
An aborted transaction
What is the main topic of discussion on Slide 1-24?
Why Recovery Is Needed
What is a type of failure?
All of these
What is the relationship between recovery and failure?
Recovery is needed because of failures
Which property of transactions ensures that database transactions are executed to completion?
Atomicity
What is the primary objective of the atomicity property in database transactions?
To guarantee full execution of transactions
Which of the following is ensured by the atomicity property of transactions?
Either all changes are made or none are made
What happens to a transaction if atomicity is enforced?
The transaction is fully executed or rolled back
What is the consequence of atomicity in database transactions?
Transactions are treated as a single unit of work
What is a requirement for a committed transaction in a database?
Changes are persisted in the database
What happens to the changes made by a committed transaction in case of a failure?
They are persisted in the database despite the failure
What is the purpose of a committed transaction in a database?
To ensure changes are persisted in the database
Why are committed transactions important in a database?
To ensure data consistency and integrity
What happens if a committed transaction is lost due to a failure?
The database is inconsistent and unreliable
What type of failure occurs when a system or component suddenly stops functioning, causing widespread damage or disruption?
Catastrophic failure
What operation is responsible for retrieving data from a database?
Read_item
What is the primary function of the write_item operation in a database?
To add or modify data in the database
What is the term for a failure that occurs gradually over time, rather than suddenly?
Gradual failure
What is the relationship between the read_item and write_item operations in a database?
They are complementary
Study Notes
Processing and Executing Transactions
- A single CPU can only execute one process at a time, but multiprogramming operating systems can execute commands from multiple processes by suspending and resuming them.
Transaction Properties
- Atomicity requires that a transaction is executed to completion, and changes to the database must persist even in the event of a failure.
Types of Failures
- Catastrophic failure: a type of failure that can cause data loss or corruption.
Database Operations
- Read_item operation: reads data from the database.
- Write_item operation: writes data to the database.
Learn about how multiprogramming operating systems manage processes, executing commands from one process and then suspending it to execute commands from the next. Understand the basics of process management in OS.
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