24 Questions
What is the purpose of interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism?
To exchange data and information among cooperating processes
What is the producer-consumer problem an example of?
Cooperating process paradigm
What is the main difference between unbounded-buffer and bounded-buffer systems?
Buffer size limitation
What is the purpose of the send() and receive() operations in a message system?
To exchange messages between processes
What is required for processes P and Q to communicate in a message system model?
A communication link establishment
What are the two operations provided by an IPC facility?
Send() and receive()
What is an example of a cooperating process paradigm?
Producer-consumer problem
What is the primary role of interprocess communication mechanisms?
To facilitate data exchange and synchronization among cooperating processes
What is a characteristic of cooperating processes?
They can affect or be affected by the execution of another process.
What is one advantage of process cooperation?
Modularity
What is a result of process termination when a parent process terminates?
All offspring processes are terminated.
Why may a parent process terminate a child process?
The child has exceeded allocated resources.
What is an advantage of process cooperation in terms of computation?
Computation speed-up
What is a characteristic of independent processes?
They do not share data with any other process.
Why may a parent process terminate itself?
The parent is not required anymore.
What is an advantage of process cooperation in terms of system design?
Modularity
What is the primary reason for creating a new process in response to an interactive logon?
To provide a service to the user without waiting
When a parent process creates children processes, what is the resulting structure of processes?
A tree of processes
What is one way in which parent and children processes can share resources?
By sharing a subset of parent's resources
What is the primary reason for process creation due to modularity or parallelism?
To exploit parallelism
What happens when a child process is created with a duplicate address space of the parent process?
The child process has the same program and data as the parent
What is one way in which parent and children processes can execute?
Parent and children execute concurrently
Why is process creation important in operating systems?
To introduce the notion of a process
What is the primary reason for process creation by the OS on behalf of a user program?
To provide a service to the user without waiting
Study Notes
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
- Cooperating processes require an IPC mechanism to exchange data and information
- IPC allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions
Shared-Memory Systems
- Producer-Consumer Problem: producer process produces information that is consumed by a consumer process
- Unbounded-buffer: no practical limit on the size of the buffer
- Bounded-buffer: assumes a fixed buffer size
Message System
- Mechanism for processes to communicate without resorting to shared variables
- IPC facility provides two operations: Send(message) and Receive(message)
Process Communication
- Processes P and Q need to establish a communication link to exchange messages via send/receive
- Methods for logically implementing a link and the send()/receive() operations:
- Direct or indirect communication
- Synchronous or asynchronous communication
Process Termination
- Reasons for process termination:
- Invalid instruction
- Privileged instruction
- Data misuse
- Operator or OS intervention
- Parent termination
- Process executes last statement and asks the OS to delete it (exit)
- Parent may terminate execution of child processes (abort)
Independent and Cooperating Processes
- Independent process: cannot affect or be affected by the execution of another process
- Cooperating process: can affect or be affected by the execution of another process
- Advantages of process cooperation:
- Information sharing
- Computation speed-up
- Modularity: divide the system into a number of functions
Process Description and Control
- Process creation:
- In response to a new batch job
- Interactive logon
- Created by OS to provide a service
- Spawned by an existing process
- Process control:
- Process creation
- Process termination
- Cooperating processes
- Inter-process communication (IPC)
Learn about interprocess communication mechanisms that enable cooperating processes to exchange data and synchronize their actions in shared-memory systems.
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