Operating System Fundamentals Chapter 1

An OS is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware. It manages a computer system's internal workings, including its memory, processors, devices, and file system.

True

<p>A desktop computer is a personal computing device designed to fit on top of a desk. Popular desktop operating systems include Macintosh (Mac OS), Microsoft Windows, and Linux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of multiple CPUs within a single computer system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clustered system is a group of servers and other resources that function as a single system. Its benefits include high availability, load balancing, and parallel processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system that processes data and responds in real-time to constantly changing conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include Android and iOS, which are widely used on smartphones and tablets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A VM is a virtual environment that functions as a virtual computer system with its own CPU, memory, network interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bootable USB is a flash drive that can be used to boot up a system for installing an operating system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BIOS supports smaller storage drives, while UEFI supports larger drives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operating system is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer, and it has more processing power than some other classes of computers. Examples include minicomputers, servers, workstations, and personal computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'mainframe' is derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desktop computer is a personal computing device designed to fit on top of a typical office desk. It houses the physical hardware that makes a computer run and connects to input devices such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse that users interact with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A multiprocessing system offers increased reliability since processing tasks can be spread across multiple processors, minimizing downtime in case one processor fails. It also provides increased throughput by allowing for more work to be completed in less time, as the number of processors increases. Additionally, it's cost-effective due to the sharing of peripherals, storage devices, and power sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distributed system involves components located on different networked computers that communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributed systems offer high availability by ensuring that if one computer fails, others can take over, preventing service disruption. They are scalable, allowing for easy addition or removal of computers depending on resource needs. They enable resource sharing, efficiently utilizing resources like memory, processing power, and storage across the system. Distributed systems also improve performance by distributing tasks and leveraging the dedicated processing power of individual computers. They are fault-tolerant, designed to continue functioning even if some computers fail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cluster system is a group of servers and other resources that act like a single system, providing high availability, load balancing, and parallel processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cluster system is created by merging two or more computer systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clustered systems deliver significantly better performance due to the combined power of multiple computers working together, potentially improving overall efficiency. They enhance fault tolerance by enabling the system to continue operating even if one node fails. This makes them more resilient to failures. Clustered systems offer scalability, allowing users to easily add new nodes to meet growing demands without significant disruptions. They are more reliable and generally easier to configure, offering greater stability and ease of management. Cluster systems have the ability to recover automatically from failures without user intervention, improving their uptime and reducing downtime. Furthermore, clustered systems provide better resource availability, allowing for efficient utilization of resources across multiple nodes in the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Real-time embedded systems include washing machines, printers, automobiles, cameras, and industrial machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handheld operating systems are present in smartphones, tablets, and other handheld devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handheld operating systems are also known as Personal Digital Assistants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The popular handheld devices in today's market are smartphones running on Android and iOS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handheld operating systems require high-performance processors and are often embedded with a variety of sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A live CD is a bootable computer installation that includes an operating system, allowing you to run it directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device without installing it on the hard disk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bootable USB is a disk that is used to boot up a system for the installation of an Operating System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A USB can be made bootable using a command-line interface for systems running Windows versions 7, 8, 8.1, and 10.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UEFI stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. It's a newer standard that replaces the legacy BIOS, offering a more feature-rich and modern approach to system startup and management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BIOS manages the fundamental communication between the operating system and the hardware, ensuring smooth startup and basic operation. It is a legacy technology that is gradually being replaced by UEFI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hardware prefetcher attempts to predict the data a program will need next and loads it into the cache, potentially speeding up program execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers