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Questions and Answers
What is one of the benefits of Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture?
What is one of the benefits of Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture?
What is the purpose of multiprogramming in an operating system?
What is the purpose of multiprogramming in an operating system?
What is the primary function of a storage-area network (SAN) in clustered systems?
What is the primary function of a storage-area network (SAN) in clustered systems?
What is the main difference between asymmetric and symmetric clustering?
What is the main difference between asymmetric and symmetric clustering?
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What is the primary purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
What is the primary purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
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What is the main benefit of using a timer in operating system operations?
What is the main benefit of using a timer in operating system operations?
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What is the primary function of a process in an operating system?
What is the primary function of a process in an operating system?
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What is the main difference between timesharing and multiprogramming?
What is the main difference between timesharing and multiprogramming?
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What is the primary function of the mode bit in dual-mode operation?
What is the primary function of the mode bit in dual-mode operation?
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What is the main benefit of using dual-mode operation in an operating system?
What is the main benefit of using dual-mode operation in an operating system?
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Study Notes
Computer System Organization
- A computer system consists of one or more CPUs, device controllers, and shared memory, connected through a common bus.
- Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles.
Interrupt Handling
- Interrupts transfer control to the interrupt service routine through the interrupt vector.
- The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter.
- Interrupt handling involves determining the type of interrupt, and taking separate actions for each type.
I/O Structure
- I/O operations can be synchronous or asynchronous.
- In synchronous I/O, the CPU waits for I/O completion before returning to the user program.
- In asynchronous I/O, the CPU continues executing other tasks while waiting for I/O completion.
Storage Hierarchy
- The storage hierarchy consists of main memory, secondary storage, and tertiary storage.
- Caching is a technique that copies information from slower storage to faster storage, temporarily.
Process Management
- A process is a program in execution, and it requires resources to accomplish its task.
- Process management involves creating, deleting, suspending, and resuming processes.
- Process management also involves providing mechanisms for process synchronization, communication, and deadlock handling.
Memory Management
- Memory management involves keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.
- Memory management also involves deciding which processes and data to move into and out of memory.
Storage Management
- Storage management involves providing a uniform, logical view of information storage.
- Storage management involves organizing files into directories, and providing access control mechanisms.
Mass-Storage Management
- Mass-storage management involves managing disk storage, including free-space management, storage allocation, and disk scheduling.
I/O Subsystem
- The I/O subsystem is responsible for managing I/O operations, including buffering, caching, and spooling.
- The I/O subsystem also provides a general device-driver interface, and drivers for specific hardware devices.
Protection and Security
- Protection involves controlling access to resources defined by the operating system.
- Security involves defending the system against internal and external attacks.
Computing Environments
- Traditional computing environments have evolved into client-server computing, and distributed systems.
- Clustered systems are multiple systems working together, providing high-availability services.
Operating System Structure
- Multiprogramming is needed for efficiency, and it involves organizing jobs to keep the CPU and I/O devices busy.
- Timesharing is a logical extension of multiprogramming, where the CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job.
Operating-System Operations
- The operating system is interrupt-driven, and it responds to hardware interrupts, software errors, and requests.
- The operating system operates in dual-mode, with a mode bit provided by hardware, to distinguish between user code and kernel code.
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Description
This quiz covers the boot process of a computer, including the role of the bootstrap program, firmware, and the loading of the operating system kernel.
