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What is the primary unit for expressing Quantity in railway statistics?
What is the primary unit for expressing Quantity in railway statistics?
Which of the following best describes 'fundamental units' in railway statistics?
Which of the following best describes 'fundamental units' in railway statistics?
Which of the following is an example of a derived unit in railway statistics?
Which of the following is an example of a derived unit in railway statistics?
What does the term 'Tonne-kms' represent in the context of railway statistics?
What does the term 'Tonne-kms' represent in the context of railway statistics?
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Which of the following statistics would be included under economic and financial statistics?
Which of the following statistics would be included under economic and financial statistics?
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What is the significance of 'derived units' in the context of railway operations?
What is the significance of 'derived units' in the context of railway operations?
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How are 'service performed' primary units expressed in railway statistics?
How are 'service performed' primary units expressed in railway statistics?
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The relationship between passenger kilometres and average distance travelled by a passenger is an example of which type of unit?
The relationship between passenger kilometres and average distance travelled by a passenger is an example of which type of unit?
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What does a decrease in net tonne kilometers per engine hour often indicate?
What does a decrease in net tonne kilometers per engine hour often indicate?
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How is average detention per wagon calculated?
How is average detention per wagon calculated?
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Which factor does NOT affect engine kilometers per day per engine in use?
Which factor does NOT affect engine kilometers per day per engine in use?
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What is indicated by detentions in excess of target figures for a yard?
What is indicated by detentions in excess of target figures for a yard?
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What is the relationship between the layout of a yard and shunting efficiency?
What is the relationship between the layout of a yard and shunting efficiency?
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What does the shunting figure indicate when it varies from Division to Division and from Railway to Railway?
What does the shunting figure indicate when it varies from Division to Division and from Railway to Railway?
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How is the average starting wagon load calculated?
How is the average starting wagon load calculated?
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What does the operating ratio measure?
What does the operating ratio measure?
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What does a higher average starting wagon load indicate?
What does a higher average starting wagon load indicate?
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Which formula calculates the punctuality of passenger trains?
Which formula calculates the punctuality of passenger trains?
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What would be a major consequence of a poor average speed of goods trains?
What would be a major consequence of a poor average speed of goods trains?
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What affects the value of vehicle kilometres per vehicles day?
What affects the value of vehicle kilometres per vehicles day?
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Which formula is used to calculate Wagon Kilometres per Wagon Day?
Which formula is used to calculate Wagon Kilometres per Wagon Day?
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What does Net Tonne Kilometres per Wagon Day measure?
What does Net Tonne Kilometres per Wagon Day measure?
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How can improved performance in trains be achieved in the short run?
How can improved performance in trains be achieved in the short run?
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What indicates a better service to passengers?
What indicates a better service to passengers?
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What is a significant benefit of maximizing the starting wagon load?
What is a significant benefit of maximizing the starting wagon load?
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What does shunting kilometres per 100 train kilometres measure?
What does shunting kilometres per 100 train kilometres measure?
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Which factors contribute to poor wagon mobility?
Which factors contribute to poor wagon mobility?
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What does a low number of wagon kilometres per day indicate?
What does a low number of wagon kilometres per day indicate?
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What is necessary for calculating the vehicle kilometres per vehicle day?
What is necessary for calculating the vehicle kilometres per vehicle day?
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Improvement in the average starting wagon load can lead to which of the following?
Improvement in the average starting wagon load can lead to which of the following?
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Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the operating ratio?
Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the operating ratio?
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What does 'vehicle days' refer to in the context of vehicle kilometres?
What does 'vehicle days' refer to in the context of vehicle kilometres?
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What does RT stand for in the punctuality formula?
What does RT stand for in the punctuality formula?
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What factor primarily influences the average speed of goods trains in relation to train density?
What factor primarily influences the average speed of goods trains in relation to train density?
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Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to the hauling power of trains?
Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to the hauling power of trains?
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How is the average net train load calculated?
How is the average net train load calculated?
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Which of the following indicates efficiency in freight working?
Which of the following indicates efficiency in freight working?
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What can a rise in Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres indicate?
What can a rise in Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres indicate?
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Which of the following factors primarily affects average gross train loads?
Which of the following factors primarily affects average gross train loads?
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What role do facilities at watering stations play in the context of goods train operations?
What role do facilities at watering stations play in the context of goods train operations?
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What does the term 'Net Tonne Kilometres' refer to in railway operations?
What does the term 'Net Tonne Kilometres' refer to in railway operations?
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Which of the following does NOT affect the speed of goods trains according to engineering factors?
Which of the following does NOT affect the speed of goods trains according to engineering factors?
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What is meant by 'Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres'?
What is meant by 'Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres'?
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What does the quantity of fuel consumed per engine kilometre primarily indicate?
What does the quantity of fuel consumed per engine kilometre primarily indicate?
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How is the quantity of fuel consumed per 1000 gross tonne kilometres derived?
How is the quantity of fuel consumed per 1000 gross tonne kilometres derived?
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Which of the following best reflects the efficiency of engine usage on line?
Which of the following best reflects the efficiency of engine usage on line?
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What is one key factor affecting the quantity of fuel consumed per engine kilometre?
What is one key factor affecting the quantity of fuel consumed per engine kilometre?
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How does traction energy consumption relate to fuel consumption metrics?
How does traction energy consumption relate to fuel consumption metrics?
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Which metric is expressed in terms of the total distance a freight train travels multiplied by the weight it carries?
Which metric is expressed in terms of the total distance a freight train travels multiplied by the weight it carries?
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What do fundamental units express in relation to primary units?
What do fundamental units express in relation to primary units?
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Which statistic would best represent the efficiency of wagon use over time?
Which statistic would best represent the efficiency of wagon use over time?
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In the context of derived units, what information does the term 'average distance travelled by a passenger' indicate?
In the context of derived units, what information does the term 'average distance travelled by a passenger' indicate?
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Which of the following is a composite measure used in the railway statistics that combines service frequency and distance?
Which of the following is a composite measure used in the railway statistics that combines service frequency and distance?
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What type of railway statistics would include gross earnings and traffic handled?
What type of railway statistics would include gross earnings and traffic handled?
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Which category of statistics includes information related to staff matters and sickness?
Which category of statistics includes information related to staff matters and sickness?
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What primary unit is used to measure the duration of a railway operation?
What primary unit is used to measure the duration of a railway operation?
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What is included in the context of power statistics?
What is included in the context of power statistics?
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Which derived unit combines the metrics of wagons used and the duration they are utilized?
Which derived unit combines the metrics of wagons used and the duration they are utilized?
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Which aspect is NOT part of traffic statistics?
Which aspect is NOT part of traffic statistics?
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What role does a Statistical Officer play in the zonal Railways?
What role does a Statistical Officer play in the zonal Railways?
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Which type of statistics would encompass locomotive repair statistics?
Which type of statistics would encompass locomotive repair statistics?
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How are detailed statistics typically compiled for domestic railway requirements?
How are detailed statistics typically compiled for domestic railway requirements?
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What is primarily contained in the compilation of engineering statistics?
What is primarily contained in the compilation of engineering statistics?
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Which aspect is typically included in commercial statistics?
Which aspect is typically included in commercial statistics?
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What is likely monitored through workshop repair statistics?
What is likely monitored through workshop repair statistics?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in the role of traffic statistics?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in the role of traffic statistics?
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What does the numerator in the calculation of Net Tonne Kilometres per Wagon Day exclude?
What does the numerator in the calculation of Net Tonne Kilometres per Wagon Day exclude?
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Which formula correctly calculates Wagon Turn Round?
Which formula correctly calculates Wagon Turn Round?
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What is a limitation of the average wagon load during the run?
What is a limitation of the average wagon load during the run?
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Which element is combined in the calculation of average speed of goods trains?
Which element is combined in the calculation of average speed of goods trains?
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In calculating the Average Wagon Load during the run, what data is specifically excluded?
In calculating the Average Wagon Load during the run, what data is specifically excluded?
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What can a decrease in the figure of wagon kilometres per wagon day indicate?
What can a decrease in the figure of wagon kilometres per wagon day indicate?
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What does the goods trains performance rely on in its calculation?
What does the goods trains performance rely on in its calculation?
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Which of the following may lead to a reduced average speed of goods trains?
Which of the following may lead to a reduced average speed of goods trains?
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Which component directly influences the average wagon load measured during a run?
Which component directly influences the average wagon load measured during a run?
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What relationship does the wagon turn round time describe?
What relationship does the wagon turn round time describe?
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Which of the following factors is least likely to impact the average speed of goods trains?
Which of the following factors is least likely to impact the average speed of goods trains?
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What does the formula for calculating Average Net Train Loads emphasize in railway freight operations?
What does the formula for calculating Average Net Train Loads emphasize in railway freight operations?
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Which condition would NOT be considered when analyzing rolling stock for goods trains?
Which condition would NOT be considered when analyzing rolling stock for goods trains?
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Which of the following scenarios would most likely improve the average speed of goods trains?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely improve the average speed of goods trains?
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The calculation for Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres is intended to measure what?
The calculation for Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres is intended to measure what?
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What primarily affects the average gross train loads carried by goods trains?
What primarily affects the average gross train loads carried by goods trains?
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Which engineering factor has a direct influence on the performance of goods trains?
Which engineering factor has a direct influence on the performance of goods trains?
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Which of the following would NOT contribute to the effective management of water supply for locomotives?
Which of the following would NOT contribute to the effective management of water supply for locomotives?
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What is NOT a contributor to the efficiency of freight working on a railway division?
What is NOT a contributor to the efficiency of freight working on a railway division?
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Which operational deficiency could most likely lead to an increase in shunting engine kilometres?
Which operational deficiency could most likely lead to an increase in shunting engine kilometres?
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Study Notes
Operating Statistics
- Railway statistics are crucial for planning, prioritizing, and improving operations.
- They are categorized into key dimensions: quantity, distance, duration, and service.
Primary Units
- Quantity represents the volume of freight or passengers conveyed and earnings derived. It’s measured in tonnes and passenger numbers.
- Distance is measured in kilometers.
- Duration is expressed in minutes, hours, and days.
- Service designates the train, vehicle, wagon, and engine involvement.
Fundamental Units
- Fundamental units are composite measures that express relationships between primary units.
- Examples include tonne-kilometers (freight weight multiplied by distance), passenger kilometers (number of passengers multiplied by distance), train-kilometers (train count multiplied by distance), wagon-kilometers (wagon number multiplied by distance) engine hours, and wagon days.
Derived Units
- Derived units highlight the connection between primary or fundamental units.
- Derived units help identify and analyze specific transportation aspects for management strategies.
- For example: Passenger earnings per passenger, passenger earnings per passenger kilometer, average distance traveled by passengers (passenger lead), and wagon-kilometers per wagon day.
Classification of Railway Statistics
- Economic and financial statistics encompass gross earnings, traffic handled, passenger bookings, tonnage lifted, wagon loads, revenue, and expenditures.
- These statistics can be analyzed by division and gauge.
Operating Ratio
- This ratio measures working expenses (excluding suspense but including depreciation and pension funds) as a proportion of gross earnings.
- It’s an indicator of operational efficiency.
Passenger Train Performance
- Punctuality is a key metric for evaluating passenger train performance.
- Data is compiled separately for Mail and Express trains, Other Passenger Trains, and Mixed trains.
- The punctuality rate is calculated by dividing the total number of trains arriving on time or without losing significant time by the total number of trains.
Vehicle Kilometers per Vehicle Day
- This statistic represents the average distance covered by a coaching vehicle per day.
- It reflects the efficiency of vehicle utilization.
- Factors influencing this metric: average train speed, average train length, and idle periods between journeys.
Shunting Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres
- This figure quantifies unproductive shunting activity per 100 passenger train kilometers.
- Variations between divisions and railways are inevitable due to local factors.
- High values may indicate wasteful shunting.
Wagon Usage
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Average Starting Wagon Load indicates the average weight of goods loaded onto wagons at origin stations.
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High starting loads promote efficiency by maximizing wagon utilization and minimizing engine power and track capacity demands.
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This figure is calculated by dividing the total tonnes loaded by the number of wagons loaded, excluding certain specialized wagons.
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Wagon Kilometres per Wagon Day tracks the average distance covered by a wagon each day, including both loaded and empty journeys.
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Factors affecting this metric: yard delays, loading/unloading at stations, clearance delays, train speed, wagon repairs, and train load.
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The metric is calculated by dividing wagon kilometers by wagon days (the average number of wagons on line multiplied by days in the period).
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Net Tonne Kilometres per Wagon Day reflects the productive revenue-earning work done by wagons, incorporating load and distance.
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It depends on wagon mobility and loading rate.
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Average Net Train Loads (in tonnes) represents the average weight of revenue-earning freight carried on a train.
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This figure is calculated by dividing net tonne-kilometers by train kilometers.
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Average Gross Train Loads (in tonnes) represents the total weight of a goods train, including freight and rolling stock.
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It's calculated by dividing gross tonne-kilometers by train kilometers.
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Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres measures non-revenue earning work done by shunting engines per 100 goods train kilometers, including mixed trains.
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This figure is influenced by train load and terminal work.
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Net Tonne Kilometres per Engine Hour is a crucial measure of freight efficiency.
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It reflects revenue-earning work per unit of engine operating cost.
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Decreases in this metric might be related to factors like inefficient shunting, increased departmental and light engine operations, reduced train length or speed, lower starting loads, unbalanced traffic, and heavy goods transportation.
Wagon Detention
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This focuses on minimizing the time wagons spend in yards.
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Average Detention per Wagon is calculated by dividing total detention hours (time spent waiting in the yard) by the number of wagons.
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Targets are set for each yard based on layout and operational capacity. Lower detention figures indicate efficient yard operations.
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Number of Wagons Dealt with per Shunting Engine Hour gauges yard efficiency by analyzing the number of wagons handled per shunting engine hour.
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Higher values indicate better performance. This is determined by dividing the number of wagons handled by the number of shunting engine hours.
Locomotive Performance
- Engine Kilometres per Day per Engine in Use measures the average distance traveled by an engine per day.
- This metic is influenced by factors such as train length, train speed, engine links, and the location of engine sheds.
- It is compiled separately for passenger, mixed, and goods train services.
Further Notes
- While the text does not provide specific figures or numerical examples, it presents the basic concepts of railway statistics and their interpretation.
- These statistics form the foundation for analyzing operational efficiency and making informed management decisions in the railway industry.
Railway Statistics and Their Importance
- Railway statistics are crucial for planning, prioritizing, and improving railway operations.
- They are based on four key factors: quantity, distance, duration, and service.
Primary Units
- Quantity: Expressed in tonnes, number of passengers carried, and earnings.
- Distance: Expressed in kilometers.
- Duration: Expressed in minutes, hours, and days.
- Service Performed: Expressed in terms of trains, vehicles, wagons, and engines.
Fundamental Units
- These units represent the relationship between primary units and are expressed in composite terms.
- Examples include:
- Tonne-kilometers
- Passenger kilometers
- Train-kilometers
- Wagon-kilometers
- Engine hours
- Wagon days
Derived Units
- Derived units express the relationship between two primary or fundamental units.
- Examples:
- Passenger earning (primary) / Passenger carried (primary) = Earning per passenger
- Passenger earning (primary) / Passenger kilometers (fundamental) = Earning per passenger kilometer
- Passenger kilometer (fundamental) / Number of passengers (primary) = Average distance traveled by a passenger (also called lead of passenger traffic).
- Wagon kilometers (fundamental) / Wagon days (fundamental) = Wagon kilometers per wagon day.
- Derived units highlight specific aspects of transportation output and are useful for developing effective management strategies.
Classification of Railway Statistics
- Economic and Financial Statistics: Focus on gross earnings, traffic handled, revenue, and expenditure.
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Operating Statistics:
- Traffic: Wagon loaded, wagon mobility, wagon usage, train loads, train mobility, productive and unproductive services, wagon detention, marshalling yard, terminal goods station, and punctuality.
- Power: Engine usage, fuel and energy consumption, and engine failure statistics.
- Rolling Stock: Holding, availability, repair & maintenance, age.
- Commercial Statistics: Coaching and freight revenue, volumes, and earnings by class of passengers, for different commodities, claims paid for compensation of goods and parcels lost or damaged
- Rolling Stock and Workshop Repair Statistics: POH of coaches, wagons, locomotives, and other workshop activity information.
- Administrative Statistics: Staff numbers, categories, and classes.
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Other Statistics:
- Number of stations by class and type (halt stations)
- Standard of interlocking
- Medical statistics relating to staff sickness
- Engineering Statistics: Track and bridge condition, ultrasonic tests, track renewals, distress bridges.
Compilation of Railway Statistics
- Railway statistics are compiled for two main purposes:
- Submission to the Railway Board: To keep the Board informed about the different activities of the Indian Railways.
- Domestic requirements: Used by individual railways for their own operational needs.
- Statistical Compilation Responsibility: Zonal Railways handle the compilation of statistics under the supervision of a Statistical Officer in the Finance Department.
- Compilation Guidelines: Detailed guidelines for the compilation of monthly and annual statistical statements are provided in the "Manual Statistical Instructions", Volumes I and II.
Operating Statistics – Key Indicators and Analysis
- Operating Statistics: Published periodically by the Railway Board in the form of pamphlets.
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Wagon Kilometers per Wagon Day:
- A key indicator of wagon utilization.
- A decrease in this figure can be caused by factors such as:
- The proportion of loaded to total wagon kilometers
- The average loaded wagon
- The relative amount of heavy and light merchandise carried
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Wagon Turn Round: Represents the average time a wagon takes to complete a loaded trip.
- Formula: No. of effective wagon holding / (Loaded Wagons + Loaded received wagons)
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Average Wagon Load during the Run: Measures the average load of all loaded wagons.
- Formula: Net Tonne kms / Loaded Wagon kms.
- Excludes departmental trains.
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Goods Trains Performance:
-
Average Speed of Goods Trains:
- Calculated for 'through goods trains' and all goods trains.
- Formula: Train kms / Train Engine hours.
- Factors affecting average speed include:
- Train density to sectional capacity
- Hauling power of engines
- Train loads
- Condition of rolling stock
- Signalling system effectiveness
- Facilities at stations
- Engineering restrictions (gradients and curves)
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Average Net Train Loads (in tonnes): Represents the average freight load that generates revenue for the railway.
- Formula: Net Tonne kms / Train kms
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Average Gross Train Loads (in tonnes): Represents the total load of a goods train, including freight and rolling stock weight.
- Formula: Gross Tonne kms / Train kms
- Influenced by factors such as engine capacity, gradients, and the type of goods carried.
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Shunting Engine Kilometres per 100 Train Kilometres: Measures non-revenue earning shunting work per 100 train kilometers.
- Formula: Shunting kms x 100 / Train kms
- Higher figures may indicate wasteful shunting.
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Net Tonne Kilometres per Engine Hour: A key efficiency indicator for freight working.
- Formula: Net tonne kms per day per engine in use / Engine days in use
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Engine Kilometres per Day per Engine on Line: Shows the proportion of available engines that were put to effective use.
- Formula: Engine kms / Engine days on line
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Quantity of Fuel Consumed per Engine Kilometre by Service: Indicates fuel consumption in relation to engine kilometers, but does not reflect the tonnes hauled.
- Formula: Quantity of Fuel Consumed / Engine kms
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Quantity of Fuel Consumed per 1000 Gross Tonne Kilometres by Services: A better indicator of fuel consumption because it considers work done.
- Formula: Quantity of Fuel Consumed x 1000 / Gross Tonne kms
- Influenced primarily by the gross load of trains.
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Average Speed of Goods Trains:
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Description
This quiz covers the essential operating statistics of railways, focusing on key dimensions such as quantity, distance, duration, and service. Test your knowledge on primary, fundamental, and derived units used in railway operations. Understand how these statistics are vital for planning and improving railway services.
