Operant Conditioning Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following psychologists with their contributions to the understanding of learning:

B.F. Skinner = Behaviorism and conditioning theories Wolfgang Köhler = Insight learning in chimpanzees John Watson = Founder of behaviorism Albert Bandura = Social learning theory

Match types of learning with their descriptions:

Classical conditioning = Learning through association between stimuli Operant conditioning = Learning through consequences of behavior Insight learning = Sudden understanding of a solution to a problem Trial-and-error learning = Repeated attempts to solve a problem until successful

Match the processes involved in Köhler's study with their explanations:

Trial-and-error attempts = Initial strategies employed by chimps to obtain food Contemplation = Pausing to think after failed attempts Flash of insight = Sudden realization of the solution Behavior analysis = Observation of actions in learning contexts

Match the key terms with their definitions:

Behaviorists = Psychologists who study observable behaviors Conditioning = Processes that affect learning through association Associations = Connections made between different stimuli Learning = A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to learning with their principles:

Operant conditioning = Behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments Classical conditioning = Learning occurs through paired stimuli Insight = Learning occurs suddenly and without trial Cognitive learning = Emphasizes mental processes in understanding behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animals with their learning experiments:

Chimps = Köhler's study on insight learning Rats = Skinner's experiments in operant conditioning Dogs = Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning Pigeons = Skinner's research on behavior reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions in the context of operant conditioning:

Reinforcement = Strengthening a behavior by providing a stimulus Positive reinforcement = Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior Negative reinforcement = Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior Punishment = Decreasing a behavior by introducing an unpleasant stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the type of reinforcement they represent:

Giving a dog a treat for sitting = Positive reinforcement Removing chores for a child who studies = Negative reinforcement Scolding a child for poor grades = Punishment Ignoring a child’s tantrum to reduce it = Extinction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their origins or theorists:

Operant conditioning = B.F. Skinner Classical conditioning = Pavlov Reinforcement schedules = Skinner Box experiments Natural responses = Biological conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Match the reinforcement types with their correct explanations:

Positive reinforcement = Introducing a desirable stimulus Negative reinforcement = Removing an aversive stimulus Punishment = Applying an unfavorable outcome Extinction = Ceasing reinforcement of a previously reinforced response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with the type of learning they exemplify:

A child receives praise for completing homework = Operant conditioning A dog learns to salivate at the sound of a bell = Classical conditioning A student avoids studying because of past poor grades = Punishment A child cleans their room for a reward = Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their associated examples:

Positive reinforcement = Praise for good behavior Negative reinforcement = Taking away unpleasant chores Punishment = Timeout for misbehavior Extinction = Ignoring a behavior to decrease its occurrence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following behaviors with their reinforcing stimuli:

Dog rolls over for a treat = Positive reinforcement Child studies less due to no feedback = Extinction Student stops skipping class due to penalties = Punishment Child cleans room to avoid yelling = Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following principles of operant conditioning to their descriptions:

Operant behavior = Behavior influenced by consequences Conditioned response = Learned response to a stimulus Stimulus control = Context that influences behavior Behavior modification = Changing behavior through reinforcements Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Negative reinforcement = Taking something negative away to increase a response Punishment = Adding something aversive to decrease a behavior Extinction = Removing something to decrease a behavior Positive reinforcement = Adding a positive to increase a response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following researchers with their contributions to operant conditioning:

Edward L. Thorndike = Developed the law of effect B.F. Skinner = Introduced the Skinner box and positive reinforcement John B. Watson = Focused on behaviorism Pavlov = Known for classical conditioning, not operant conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their examples:

Negative reinforcement = Nagging stops when the teenager takes out the garbage Punishment = Disciplining a child for misbehaving Positive reinforcement = Rat receives food for pressing a lever Extinction = Behavior decreases when the reward is removed Signup and view all the answers

Match the following behaviors with their corresponding outcomes:

Cat in puzzle box successfully escapes = Repeated pressing of the lever after learning Child associates punishment with negative behavior = Reduced likelihood of misbehaving Rat presses lever and receives shock turned off = Increased pressing of the lever Awareness of failed attempts by the cat = Decreased frequency of ineffective actions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their descriptions:

Law of effect = Pleasant outcomes are more likely to occur again Negative punishment = Removing something to decrease behavior Positive outcome = Behavior is reinforced by rewards Aversive stimulus = Added element to deter undesirable behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditioning types with their characteristics:

Operant conditioning = Learning associated with consequences of behavior Classical conditioning = Learning through association of two stimuli Reinforcement = Strengthening behavior through rewards Punishment = Weakening behavior through negative consequences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with their related reinforcement type:

Teenager takes out garbage to end nagging = Negative reinforcement Child stopped misbehaving after being spanked = Punishment Rats pressing lever for food = Positive reinforcement Behavior decreases when privileges are removed = Extinction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Extinction = Decreased response due to removal of reinforcement Positive reinforcement = Strengthening behavior by providing a reward Negative reinforcement = Increasing a response by removing an unpleasant condition Punishment = Introducing a negative consequence to reduce a behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditioning researchers with their main focus:

John B. Watson = Behaviorism and observable behavior B.F. Skinner = Operant conditioning and behavior reinforcement Edward L. Thorndike = Law of effect based on trial and error Ivan Pavlov = Conditioned reflexes and classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes