Operant Conditioning in Dog Training
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Questions and Answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Stimulus control = The ability to respond to a specific stimulus. Discrimination = Putting behaviors on cue. Generalization = Dog learns to respond to a specific stimulus in all environments. Proofing = This is when the dog has achieved a high level of generalization in different situations.

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Overshadowing = This is when the stimuli are not noticed by the dog because there are more enticing stimuli present. Blocking = Putting behaviors on cue. Escape/ avoidance = The ability to respond to a specific stimulus. Flooding/ response prevention = This happens when a stimulus is disregarded by the dog when two stimuli are presented together.

Match the following concepts with their examples:

Overshadowing = The dog is following the treat rather than learning the hand signal for down. Blocking = Saying sit with the hand signal but they don't know the word yet. Escape/ avoidance = A dog learns to walk quietly at the handler side in order to avoid being choked by the leash and collar. Flooding/ response prevention = Exposing the subject to their fears at full force.

Match the following concepts with their characteristics:

<p>Stimulus control = Requires verbal cues immediately in training period. Overshadowing = More enticing stimuli present. Discrimination = Responds to a specific stimulus. Generalization = Learns to respond in all environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their relationships:

<p>Proofing = Is a result of generalization. Blocking = Is a type of stimulus control. Overshadowing = Is a type of discrimination. Escape/ avoidance = Is a type of aversive control of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their goals:

<p>Stimulus control = To put behaviors on cue. Discrimination = To respond to a specific stimulus. Generalization = To learn to respond in all environments. Proofing = To achieve a high level of generalization in different situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their consequences:

<p>Overshadowing = The dog may not learn the hand signal. Blocking = The dog may be confused by the two stimuli. Escape/ avoidance = The dog may become anxious or fearful. Flooding/ response prevention = The method may be traumatic for the dog.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their types:

<p>Aversive control of behavior = Escape/ avoidance and flooding/ response prevention. Stimulus control = Putting behaviors on cue. Discrimination = Responds to a specific stimulus. Generalization = Learns to respond in all environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their purposes:

<p>Flooding/ response prevention = To overcome phobias. Systematic desensitisation = To overcome phobias gradually. Stimulus control = To put behaviors on cue. Proofing = To achieve a high level of generalization in different situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their effects:

<p>Escape/ avoidance = May lead to anxiety or fear. Flooding/ response prevention = May be traumatic for the dog. Generalization = Learns to respond in all environments. Proofing = Achieves a high level of generalization in different situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Operant Conditioning

  • Consequences drive behavior; if good, the behavior is repeated, and if bad, the behavior is avoided
  • Operant conditioning consists of: antecedent, behavior, and consequence
  • Antecedent: any stimulus present in the environment before the behavior occurs
  • Behavior: anything the dog does
  • Consequence: anything that happens to the dog as a result of the behavior

Types of Consequences

  • Positive Reinforcement: something good happens to increase the behavior
  • Negative Reinforcement: something bad is taken away to increase the behavior
  • Positive Punishment: something bad happens to decrease the behavior
  • Negative Punishment: something good is taken away to decrease the behavior

Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule

  • The response is reinforced only part of the time
  • Partial reinforcement leads to slower learning but more resistance to extinction
  • Types of partial reinforcement schedules:
    • Ratio Schedules: require a certain number of operant responses for a reinforcer
      • Fixed Ratio Schedules: response is reinforced after a specified number of responses
      • Variable Ratio Schedules: response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
      • Random Ratio Schedules: response is reinforced randomly
    • Differential Reinforcement Schedules:
      • Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior: reinforces an incompatible response
      • Variable Duration: provides reinforcements at an average variable time
      • Random Duration: provides reinforcement at random intervals

Premack Principle

  • A high-probability behavior can reward a low-probability behavior
  • Example: a dog must sit before chasing after a ball or going through a door

Habituation, Sensitization, and Adaptation

  • Habituation: the ability to stop reacting to meaningless stimuli
  • Sensitization: opposite of habituation; the dog's response becomes stronger towards the stimulus
  • Adaptation: physical process of tiring; sensory neurons can tire and stop working

Learned Irrelevance, Timing, and Fun

  • Learned Irrelevance: dog learns to ignore commands
  • Timing: exceptionally important for training; miscommunication can occur with poor timing
  • Fun: training should be enjoyable for both dog and owner; enthusiasm can go a long way

Salience, Satiation, and Deprivation

  • Salience: a discriminate stimulus that is very visible or noticeable
  • Satiation: the effectiveness of a consequence is reduced if the individual's appetite for that stimulus is satisfied
  • Deprivation: the effectiveness of a consequence increases as the individual becomes deprived of that stimulus

Environment and Stress

  • Stress can block chemical reactions in the brain necessary for learning
  • Stress can disrupt learning and memory development
  • Trainers should minimize stressful situations

Contingency and Stimulus Control

  • Contingency: a consequence follows the response consistently after successful instances
  • Stimulus Control: putting behaviors on cue; the dog reliably responds to a specific cue

Overshadowing, Discrimination, Generalization, and Proofing

  • Overshadowing: the stimuli are not noticed by the dog due to more enticing stimuli
  • Discrimination: the ability to respond to a specific stimulus
  • Generalization: the dog learns to respond to a specific stimulus in all environments
  • Proofing: achieving a high level of generalization in different situations

Blocking and Aversive Control of Behavior

  • Blocking: a stimulus is disregarded by the dog when two stimuli are presented together
  • Aversive Control of Behavior:
    • Escape/Avoidance: an avoidance response is a form of escape behavior present in animals
    • Flooding/Response Prevention: a method of overcoming phobias by exposing the subject to their fears at full force (unethical for canines)

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Learning theory.docx

Description

Learn about operant conditioning and its role in dog training, including reinforcement and punishment. Understand how antecedent, behavior, and consequence influence a dog's actions.

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