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What is the primary basis for behavior change in clients according to behavior therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a token economy?
In behavior therapy, what is examined instead of the past?
What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?
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What type of reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus?
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What must behavior therapists adhere to when working with clients?
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Which of the following examples demonstrates negative reinforcement?
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How are treatment strategies developed in behavior therapy?
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Which of the following principles governs learning in behavior therapy?
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What occurs during the extinction phase of operant conditioning?
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Which phenomenon describes responding similarly to stimuli that resemble a previously learned stimulus?
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What is a key requirement for establishing a therapeutic relationship in behavior therapy?
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Which of the following best exemplifies positive reinforcement?
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What does behavior therapy assume about abnormal behavior?
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How does punishment function in the context of operant conditioning?
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What can be inferred about behaviors that are followed by positive outcomes in operant conditioning?
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What aspect of therapy is primarily emphasized in the goal-setting process?
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Which role does the therapist NOT play in the therapy process?
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What is the primary responsibility of the client in therapy?
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What technique is based on the principle that two incompatible emotional states cannot coexist?
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What is the role of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy?
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What is one key action a therapist takes to ensure treatment effectiveness?
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Which approach should relaxation training techniques take?
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What does the therapist primarily seek to achieve through therapy techniques?
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What are the consequences of irrational beliefs as described in the therapeutic process?
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Which technique is NOT used in the therapeutic process?
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What is the primary goal of the REBT therapist during the initial sessions?
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What does the acronym A+B=C represent in the context of self-defeating behavior?
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Which statement about the duration of therapy for clients with severe disturbances is correct?
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What is a common misconception about irrational beliefs according to the REBT framework?
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In REBT, how are clients encouraged to handle emotional problems between sessions?
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What major change does Preferential REBT focus on?
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What is the primary focus of a REBT therapist during therapy sessions?
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Which phase of REBT involves clients becoming aware of thoughts that influence their emotions?
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Which type of clients is least likely to benefit from REBT?
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Which technique is used in REBT for improving self-acceptance?
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How does REBT suggest clients should change their language?
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What is a common method of disputing irrational beliefs in REBT?
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Which of the following is NOT a technique used in REBT?
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How does humor play a role in REBT?
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Study Notes
Operant Conditioning
- Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by their outcomes.
- Two key components of operant conditioning are reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of a behavior, and punishment, which decreases it.
Types of Reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase behavior.
- Negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior.
Extinction
- Extinction is the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the reinforcement or stimulus that originally triggered it is no longer present.
Generalization
- Generalization is the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to a previously learned stimulus in the same way.
Token Economy
- In a Token Economy, tokens are awarded for positive behaviors.
- Tokens can be exchanged for rewards or privileges.
- The Token Economy system is clearly defined and consistently implemented.
Counseling and Psychotherapy
- Counseling and psychotherapy should focus on client’s observable behavior and their life responses.
- Learning is a central principle for understanding and changing a client’s behavior.
Behavioral Therapy
- Clients’ changes in behavior are governed by the law of effect: “behavior that is followed by satisfying consequences will be more likely to be repeated and behavior that is followed by unsatisfying consequences will be less likely to be repeated."
- Behavioral therapy takes a non-pathological approach to what other schools of thoughts label as mental illness.
Abnormal Behavior
- Most abnormal behavior is assumed to be acquired through learning and maintained in the same manner as normal behavior.
Behavioral Assessment
- Instead of focusing on the past, behavioral assessment examines the current determinants of behavior.
Treatment Strategy
- Therapists develop treatment strategies that are individually tailored for each client.
Scientific Method
- Behavior therapists must commit to the scientific method in their work with clients.
Therapist & Client Relationship
- Behaviorists establish a warm and empathic relationship with clients.
Goals of Therapy
- Clients indicate the positive changes he or she desires from therapy.
- The therapist highlights that change can only come from the client who must accept responsibility for the desired change in behavior.
Role of the Therapist
- Function as consultants in producing behavioral change.
- Conduct a complete functional assessment to identify the variables that maintain the conditions about which the client complains.
- Generate initial treatment goals and construct a treatment plan to achieve these goals.
- Teach concrete skills to the client by instruction, modeling, and performance feedback.
Role of the Client
- Clients who come to therapy are motivated to change.
Relaxation Training Techniques
- Relaxation training techniques should be individualized for each client.
Reciprocal Inhibition
- Reciprocal inhibition is based on the principle that a person cannot experience two incompatible emotional states simultaneously.
Systematic Desensitization
- Systematic desensitization is a therapeutic technique used in behavior therapy to help individuals overcome phobias, anxieties, or fears.
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
- REBT focuses on changing irrational thoughts and beliefs.
- REBT therapists challenge clients' irrational beliefs in the first few sessions.
- REBT is intended to be a brief therapy (1-10 sessions)
Phases of REBT
- Cognitive Phase: therapist presents the cognitive rationale for REBT to the client.
- Emotive Phase: clients are instructed they can learn to control their emotions by becoming fully aware of the thoughts that support such emotions and by learning to substitute alternative thoughts.
- Behavioristic Phase: clients are taught to change their behavior.
REBT Clients
- Individuals who are out of contact with reality, in a highly manic state, seriously autistic or brain injured, and in lower ranges of mental deficiency are not good candidates for REBT.
- More effective clients are those who have a single major symptom such as depression.
Counseling Techniques
- Uses a variety of therapeutic techniques: didactic discussion, bibliotherapy, role playing, assertion training, operant conditioning, activity-oriented homework assignments.
- Clients learn how to change their “musts” to “preferences.”
- Humor: emotional disturbance comes from taking oneself too seriously.
Shame-Attacking Exercises
- Shame-attacking exercises help clients reduce shame over how they behaved.
Disputing
- Disputing is a detailed examination, sentence by sentence, of any irrational belief that the client states during therapy.
- Three forms of disputation are: Cognitive, Emotive, and Behavioral.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of operant conditioning including reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and generalization. You will also learn about the Token Economy system and how it applies to behavior modification. Assess your understanding of how these principles influence voluntary behavior.
