Questions and Answers
What 3 phylum have open circulatory systems?
mollusks, arthropods and annelids
What phylum has a closed circulatory system?
vertebrates
What is the difference between open and closed circulatory systems?
In an open circulatory system, blood is pumped from the heart into the body cavity allowing blood to bathe the tissue and then return to the heart. In a closed circulatory system, there is a continuous system of vessels and blood is not pumped into body cavities.
Give 2 advantages of a closed circulatory system in terms of efficiency.
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What is the equation for flow rate?
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In a closed system, is the change in pressure high or low and what difference does this make?
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Define viscosity in terms of blood.
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How does viscosity affect flow rate?
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Give an example of an animal with high viscosity in terms of blood and how this affects them.
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Study Notes
Circulatory Systems
- Open circulatory systems are found in mollusks, arthropods, and annelids, where blood bathes tissues directly.
- Closed circulatory systems are characteristic of vertebrates, featuring a system of continuous vessels.
Differences Between Circulatory Systems
- Open circulatory systems pump blood from the heart into body cavities, allowing direct contact with tissues.
- In contrast, closed circulatory systems do not allow blood to flow into cavities, maintaining a controlled environment within vessels.
Advantages of Closed Circulatory Systems
- Enable a quicker flow of blood, leading to faster nutrient transport throughout the body.
- Blood flow can be regulated by adjusting blood vessel diameter, enhancing efficiency and response to body needs.
Flow Rate Dynamics
- Flow rate is influenced by the equation: flow rate = change in pressure / resistance.
- In closed systems, high change in pressure correlates with high resistance, affecting blood flow.
Viscosity of Blood
- Viscosity refers to the thickness or stickiness of blood, impacting how easily it flows.
- Higher viscosity requires more effort from the heart to maintain a desirable flow rate.
Effects of Viscosity on Animals
- Antarctic fishes exhibit high blood viscosity, requiring adaptations like large hearts, a dense network of vessels, and increased blood volume to sustain circulation in cold environments.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the differences between open and closed circulatory systems found in various phyla. Test your knowledge on which organisms fall into each category and the functioning of these systems within the animal kingdom.
