Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

A layered model that describes how data is communicated across networks.

Hierarchical levels in the OSI model, each with specific functions in data transmission.

The ability of different networks and devices from different vendors to work together.

The lowest layer of the OSI model, dealing with the physical transmission of data.

Layer responsible for reliable data transmission between directly connected nodes.

The layer of the OSI model responsible for logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding.

Adding header information (like addressing) to data as it travels through layers toward transmission.

Using the OSI model to identify and fix problems in interconnected networks.

A set of IEEE standards for local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs).

Standards for local area and metropolitan area networks (LANs/MANs) including specifications for Logical Link Control, Media Access Control, and various network types.

IEEE standard for Ethernet.

IEEE standard that deals with wireless LANs.

The lowest layer of the OSI model. It sends and receives bits.

The smallest unit of data in a computer system, represented by 1 or 0.

Devices at the sending or receiving end of the communication, like computers or modems.

Devices used for connecting DTE devices.

Acts as an interface between application programs and the protocol stack. It identifies communication partners and ensures sufficient resources for communication.

Software programs that users interact with. They are not part of the layered network structure.

Prepares data for the Application layer; handles data translation and formatting.

Converting data into a standard format for transmission and then back to the native format.

Reduces the size of data to speed up transmission and then restores it to its original size.

The process of converting data into an unreadable format and back.

Rules and regulations that define how data should be formatted and transmitted.

Network resources that can be accessed from different computers or locations.

The process of adding headers and trailers to data as it moves down the layers of the network stack.

A piece of data broken down from a larger piece of data.

A segment of data with a logical address included to be routed across networks

A packet/datagram adapted for transmission on its local network.

A binary unit (0 or 1) representing the smallest unit of data

Varying a carrier signal to transmit information.

The signal that is modified to transmit information in modulation.

A device that performs modulation and demodulation, often for digital signal transmission over analog channels.

Defines the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer of the Data Link layer in networking.

A method allowing multiple data segments to be sent before receiving an acknowledgment from the destination.

A network device that forwards data packets between different networks.

An address used to identify a specific computer or network on a network.

The fundamental unit of data at the Physical layer.

The Data Link layer has two sublayers: LLC (Logical Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control).

The LLC sublayer handles multiplexing network layer protocols.

The MAC sublayer handles physical addressing and data transmission timing.

The layers go from Application (Layer 7) to Physical (Layer 1).

Handles flow control for large amounts of data sent on the network.

A series of messages ensuring a connection is ready before data transfer.

Manages the conversation between applications on different systems.

Handles data translation and formatting, like compression and encryption.