24 Questions
What is the primary function of the FTP protocol?
To transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network
What type of connection allows data to be sent and received simultaneously?
Full Duplex
Which protocol is used for mail transmission?
TCP
How many layers are in the communication network?
7
What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol?
To facilitate communication on the World Wide Web
Which protocol is used for Zoom video conferencing?
UDP
What is the primary responsibility of the physical layer?
Handling the mechanical and electrical details of physical transmission
Which layer is responsible for handling frames, or fixed-length parts of packets?
Data Link Layer
What is the function of the Media Access Control (MAC) in the Data Link Layer?
Managing header according to physical layer
Which layer is responsible for ensuring that data packets arrive accurately and reliably between sender and receiver?
Segmentation Layer
What is the purpose of the IP source address and IP destination address?
To determine the best route for data transmission
What is the primary function of the logical address routing layer?
Routing logical addresses
What is the role of the segmentation layer in the communication network?
To ensure that data packets arrive accurately and reliably
How many layers are there in the communication network?
Seven
What is one major disadvantage of servers in a network?
They are costly
What is the primary purpose of a router in a network?
To segment the network and determine where to transfer packets
What is the main difference between TCP and UDP protocols?
TCP is reliable, while UDP is unreliable
What is the purpose of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
To convert IP addresses to MAC addresses
What is the primary function of a transport protocol?
To identify receiving and sending processes through port numbers
What is the term for a packet that is sent to all hosts on a network?
Broadcast
What is the purpose of an ACK packet in TCP?
To acknowledge receipt of a packet
What is the term for the process of resolving a domain name to an IP address?
Domain name resolution
What is the primary advantage of using UDP over TCP?
UDP is faster and more lightweight than TCP
What is the purpose of port numbers in transport protocols?
To identify specific processes on a host
Study Notes
Communication Protocol
- The communication network is partitioned into seven layers.
Physical Layer
- Responsible for handling both mechanical and electrical details of physical transmission of a bit stream.
Data Link Layer
- Corrects errors
- Manages header according to physical layer
- Responsible for handling frames, or fixed-length parts of packets
- Media Access Control (MAC) is a sub-layer
Network Layer
- Responsible for logical address routing
- IP source address and destination address are used to determine the best route
Transport Layer
- Responsible for ensuring that data packets arrive accurately and reliably between sender and receiver
- Segmentation and port number are used
- Flow control (bps) is implemented
- Two protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Connection Types
- Full Duplex and Half Duplex connections are possible
- Mechanism of opening, closing, and managing connections
- Authentication is required
Application Layer
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol for transferring files
TCP/IP Example
- Every host has a name and an associated IP address (host-id)
- Hierarchical and segmented network
- Sending system checks routing tables and locates a router to send packet
- Packet may be complete message or need to be reassembled into larger message spanning multiple packets
Router Functionality
- Router uses segmented network part of host-id to determine where to transfer packet
- This may repeat among multiple routers
Host Communication
- Within a network, packets move from sender to receiver using MAC addresses
- Address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to discover IP to MAC address mapping
- Broadcast uses a special network address to signal that all hosts should receive and process the packet
Ethernet Packet
- Structure of an Ethernet packet
Transport Protocols UDP and TCP
- Transport protocols identify receiving and sending processes through the use of a port number
- Well-known port numbers are used for many services (e.g., FTP, SSH, SMTP, HTTP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- UDP is unreliable and connectionless
- No guarantees of delivery or order of packet receipt
- UDP packets are also called datagrams
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- TCP is reliable and connection-oriented
- Provides abstraction to allow in-order, uninterrupted byte-stream across an unreliable network
- Receiver must send an acknowledgement packet (ACK) whenever host sends packet
This quiz covers the fundamental layers of a communication network, including the physical layer and its responsibilities.
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