Open Space in Metro Manila: History and Current Status
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Questions and Answers

What is the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended minimum of green open space per person?

9 square meters

How many square kilometers of green open space does Metro Manila need to reach the WHO standard?

52 square kilometers

What was the proportion of open space to every 1,000 population in Metro Manila in 1969?

0.9

What is the current proportion of open space to 1,000 population in Metro Manila?

<p>0.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Philippine Institute of Architects in the 1969 recommendation for parks and open spaces?

<p>Architect/Environmental Planner Manuel T. Mañosa Jr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the proposed purpose of the Quezon Memorial quadrangle according to the 1969 report?

<p>To serve as Metro Manila's Central Park</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in urban population growth in the Philippines over the past 50 years?

<p>The urban population grew by over 50 million people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent actions have been observed regarding public open spaces in Metro Manila?

<p>There have been recent activities suggesting change for the better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles do parks play in the context of local communities?

<p>Parks attract recreation and tourism, serving as significant sources of revenue and employment for local communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do open spaces contribute to managing climate change impacts?

<p>Open spaces provide shade and cooling, contribute to urban heat abatement, and assist in storm-water management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Philippine International Fair of 1953?

<p>It was the first international world exposition held in Asia, showcasing participation from at least 10 foreign countries and 27 Philippine provinces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by public open space in this context?

<p>Public open space is land set aside for public recreation and leisure, including both passive and active spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major addition was made to Rizal Park during the 1960s?

<p>The Aluminum Spire was added to the Rizal Monument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can active open spaces benefit local areas?

<p>Active open spaces, such as sports fields, attract participants and spectators, generating economic benefits for local areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issues faced the completion of the Rizal Cultural Center?

<p>Financial difficulties and strong opposition from conservation groups prevented its completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of open space are mentioned in the text?

<p>The text mentions street-corner sitting areas, schoolyards, playgrounds, and National Forest Reserves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some environmental benefits of parks mentioned in the text?

<p>Parks help reduce air and noise pollution while contributing to urban heat management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did President Quirino contribute to the preservation of historic land after the war?

<p>He declared the unused land as a national park, emphasizing the importance of historical sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do parks function during disasters based on the provided content?

<p>Parks serve as disaster evacuation centers, providing safe locations for communities during emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for the Manila Zoo amidst pressures from various groups?

<p>The Manila Zoo still exists today despite pressures from animal rights and business groups to close it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the National Parks Development Committee (NPDC) play during this era?

<p>The NPDC was created to oversee the establishment and improvement of national parks in the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are definitions of public open space likely to vary between sectors?

<p>Varying definitions arise because different sectors prioritize different aspects, such as usage or land type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Philippine International Fair eventually transfer to another site?

<p>The fair became a yearly event that later moved to Quezon City, specifically to the site that is now SM North Edsa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure's centennial was significant to the replication of Fort Santiago's prison cell?

<p>The centennial of Dr. Jose Rizal was significant for this replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of activities are generally supported in informal lawns?

<p>Play, picnics, and community events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name at least two examples of civic spaces.

<p>Plazas and civic squares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of utilities and services land?

<p>To reserve land for urban and non-urban infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of facilities that might be found in community spaces.

<p>Outdoor promenades and open basketball courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might land reserved for infrastructure also serve community needs?

<p>It may be available for recreation use when not in use for its primary purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two types of events typically held in civic spaces.

<p>Outdoor concerts and city festivals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of buffering areas in community spaces?

<p>To provide separation and protection for community activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What informal activities might take place in an emergency evacuation area?

<p>Community gatherings and passive use by people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current state of public parks and open space in the Philippines?

<p>Public parks and open space have not received adequate attention, despite the global recognition of sustainable urban development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main shortcomings of the existing laws regarding public open space in the Philippines?

<p>The existing laws primarily consist of policy statements that acknowledge the need for open space but lack detailed guidelines for its supply, distribution, and management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the national government in the context of public open space.

<p>The national government is responsible for managing national parks and reserves that protect areas of environmental, biodiversity, or cultural significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the principles of sustainable urban development relate to public open space?

<p>Sustainable urban development principles advocate for the creation of accessible, well-maintained public open spaces in urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does local government play in the provision of public open spaces?

<p>Local governments are critical in ensuring the development and management of public open spaces, as indicated by existing laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Open Space in Metro Manila

  • Metro Manila lacks sufficient open space compared to international standards.
  • The WHO recommends a minimum of 9 square meters of green open space per person.
  • Metro Manila currently has 5 square meters per person, falling well below the recommended standard.
  • To reach the WHO standard, Metro Manila needs to add 52 square kilometers of green open space.

History of Open Space in the Philippines

  • In 1969, the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) recommended the development of parks and open spaces for Metro Manila.
  • The PIA proposed a 400-hectare Central Park in place of the Quezon Memorial quadrangle.
  • The PIA’s report highlighted the importance of open space for public safety, convenience, and well-being, but unfortunately, no action was taken.
  • The amount of open space in Metro Manila has decreased significantly since 1969, with a 75% reduction in open space per 1,000 population.

Public Open Space in the Philippines

  • Public open space includes land designated for public recreation, leisure, parklands, and similar purposes.
  • It encompasses both passive and active open spaces.
  • Passive open spaces are characterized by informal lawns, play areas, picnic facilities, and peripheral areas.
  • Active open spaces include sports fields, athletics tracks, and basketball courts.

Government Role in Public Open Space

  • The Philippine government plays a crucial role in providing open space.
  • The national government focuses on national parks and reserves, protecting areas of environmental, biodiversity, or cultural significance.
  • Provincial and local governments have a responsibility to ensure the provision of open space within their jurisdictions.
  • Existing laws, however, lack specific guidelines on the supply, distribution, development, and management of open space.

Importance of Public Open Space

  • Public open spaces contribute to recreational and tourism industries.
  • They provide revenue and employment opportunities for local communities.
  • Active open spaces attract participants and spectators, generating economic benefits.

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Description

This quiz explores the challenges and historical context of open space in Metro Manila. Discover how the city measures against international standards and the recommendations made by the Philippine Institute of Architects over the years. Understand the importance of green spaces for public well-being and future developments.

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